免曝气混合填料反应器处理生活污水的性能

采用沸石-塑料混合填料为载体构建固定床生物膜反应器,周期性进水（厌氧）-排水（好氧）富集培养聚糖菌（GAOs）,结合沸石颗粒吸附作用实现厌氧条件下COD和氨氮的去除。在进水COD和氨氮浓度分别为（508±19）mg/L和（40±3）mg/L、HRT为12 h（厌氧6 h、好氧6 h）的运行条件下,单级反应器COD、氨氮和总氮去除率分别为89.2%、57.5%、57.5%。双级反应器条件下,COD、氨氮和总氮的平均去除率分别为93.1%、84.9%、70.8%。缩短50% HRT（厌氧/缺氧3 h+好氧3 h）后,双级反应器总氮去除率提升到81.7%。16S rRNA高通量测序结果显示,聚糖菌Candidatus Competibacter的相对丰度在塑料填料表面上升了30.43倍（0.46%→14%）,而在沸石颗粒表面上升了14.35倍（0.46%→6.60%）,表明塑料填料表面更有利于聚糖菌的富集。     

Effects of Visfatin on Intracellular Mechanics and Catabolism in Human Primary Chondrocytes through Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3β Inactivation

Osteoarthritis (OA) is still a recalcitrant musculoskeletal disease on account of its complex biochemistry and mechanical stimulations. Apart from stimulation by external mechanical forces, the regulation of intracellular mechanics in chondrocytes has also been linked to OA development. Recently, visfatin has received significant attention because of the clinical finding of the positive correlation between its serum/synovial level and OA progression. However, the precise mechanism involved is still unclear. This study determined the effect of visfatin on intracellular mechanics and catabolism in human primary chondrocytes isolated from patients. The intracellular stiffness of chondrocytes was analyzed by the particle-tracking microrheology method. It was shown that visfatin damages the microtubule and microfilament networks to influence intracellular mechanics to decrease the intracellular elasticity and viscosity via glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) inactivation induced by p38 signaling. Further, microtubule network destruction in human primary chondrocytes is predominantly responsible for the catabolic effect of visfatin on the cyclooxygenase 2 upregulation. The present study shows a more comprehensive interpretation of OA development induced by visfatin through biochemical and biophysical perspectives. Finally, the role of GSK3β inactivation, and subsequent regulation of intracellular mechanics, might be considered as theranostic targets for future drug development for OA.     

Highly potent and specific GSK-3beta inhibitors that block tau phosphorylation and decrease alpha-synuclein protein expression in a cellular model of Parkinson's disease

Research by Klein and co-workers suggests that the inhibition of GSK-3beta by small molecules may offer an important strategy in the treatment of a number of central nervous system (CNS) disorders including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and bipolar disorders. Based on results from kinase-screening assays that identified a staurosporine analogue as a modest inhibitor of GSK-3beta, a series of 3-indolyl-4-indazolylmaleimides was prepared for study in both enzymatic and cell-based assays. Most strikingly, whereas we identified ligands having poor to high potency for GSK-3beta inhibition, only ligands with a Ki value of less than 8 nM, namely maleimides 18 and 22, were found to inhibit Tau phosphorylation at a GSK-3beta-specific site (Ser 396/404). Accordingly, maleimides 18 and 22 may protect neuronal cells against cell death by decreasing the level of alpha-Syn protein expression. We conclude that the GSK-3beta inhibitors described herein offer promise in defending cells against MPP+-induced neurotoxicity and that such compounds will be valuable to explore in animal models of Parkinson's disease as well as in other Tau-related neurodegenerative disease states.     

牛肉对小白鼠体重及运动能力的影响

目的：探讨牛肉对小白鼠运动能力的影响。方法：雄性小白鼠50 只,随机分为2 组,对照组20 只、牛肉组30 只,单笼饲养。限制采食量,初始量为6.0g/(d·只)喂养4 周。测小白鼠力竭运动时间、抓力、体质量,取肝组织和后腿肌肉测定肝糖原、肌糖原含量。结果：牛肉组与对照组相比。有降低体质量,增加速度,提高游泳力竭时间和抓力的趋势,但无显著差异。采食牛肉后,不论对小白鼠是否施加负荷,都能提高肝糖原、肌糖原、血清SOD 水平(P ＜ 0.05),能显著降低MDA 水平(P ＜ 0.05)。 结论：在日粮蛋白质和能量摄取量相同条件下,牛肉日粮具有控制小白鼠体质量和提高小白鼠的抓力和游泳力竭时间的趋势。不论是否附加负荷,都能提高肝脏和肌肉组织的糖原水平,并且显著提高机体的抗氧化能力。     

玛咖片缓解体力疲劳功能的实验研究

目的:探讨玛咖片缓解小鼠体力疲劳的作用。方法:以小鼠为研究对象,用玛咖片250、500、1 000mg/kg·BW分别给昆明种小鼠连续灌胃30d,进行小鼠负重游泳、血清尿素、肝糖原含量及血乳酸曲线下面积等指标测定,观察玛咖片的抗疲劳功效。结果:与阴性对照组比较,剂量组能延长小鼠的负重游泳时间,增加肝糖原的储备量,降低血清尿素氮含量(P0.05)。结论:玛咖片具有缓解体力疲劳的功能。     

Biodiversity of brewery yeast strains and their fermentative activities

We investigated the genetic, biochemical, fermentative and physiological characteristics of brewery yeast strains and performed a hierarchical cluster analysis to evaluate their similarity. We used five different ale and lager yeast strains, originating from different European breweries and deposited at the National Collection of Yeast Cultures (UK). Ale and lager strains exhibited different genomic properties, but their assimilation profiles and pyruvate decarboxylase activities corresponded to their species classifications. The activity of another enzyme, succinate dehydrogenase, varied between different brewing strains. Our results confirmed that ATP and glycogen content, and the activity of the key metabolic enzymes succinate dehydrogenase and pyruvate decarboxylase, may be good general indicators of cell viability. However, the genetic properties, physiology and fermentation capacity of different brewery yeasts are unique to individual strains. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

黄芪对噪声引起动物肝糖原损害的抵抗能力

研究了噪声对大鼠肝糖原质量分数的影响以及药物防治,对未经过噪声暴露和经过噪声暴露（未注射药物和注射黄芪）的大鼠分别进行了肝糖原质量分数的测定。试验结果显示。大鼠受到噪声刺激后肝糖原质量分数起初远远低于正常值,而随着时间的延长逐渐接近正常值;腹腔注射黄芪的效果因噪声暴露的时间的延长而增强,黄芪的药效无论是在高强度噪声还是在低强度噪声下都比较持久、稳定。总这,腹腔注射黄芪后肝糖质质量分数有所提高,基本     

苍白肌糖原、硫胺含量的分析

通过测定重度和轻度苍白肌糖原和硫胺的含量, 比较分析了苍白肌与正常肌肉显著性差异的影响因素.