取向硅钢晶粒取向的不均匀分布及其检测

利用X射线衍射和背散射电子衍射检测了取向硅钢板表层和中心部位的宏观织构和微观晶粒取向分布,观察了相应的晶粒组织。结果表明,二次再结晶不彻底的成品钢板的表面会残留非{110}<001>取向的小晶粒,并影响钢板的软磁性能。取向硅钢板表层的晶粒取向分布能够在一定程度上反映出钢板的质量,因此可以借助X射线表面无损检测技术发展取向硅钢织构的工业在线检测技术。     

Effect of equal channel angular extrusion on the microstructure and superplasticity of an Al-Li alloy

This research investigates the use of equal channel angular extrusion (ECAE) processing to produce a superplastic form of the aluminum alloy 2098. The starting material was a hot-rolled and precipitation-hardened plate with elongated grains of width 67–92 μm, and a composition in weight percent of 2.2% Li, 1.3% Cu, 0.73% Mg, 0.05% Zr, balance Al. Microstructural evolution was investigated with optical and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and microhardness measurements after each step of a multipass ECAE process. ECAE produced a submicron grain structure with an average size of about 0.5 μm. The sub-grain microstructure size was a function of the magnitude of the input strain and the extrusion temperature. Misorientation angles of the developed submicron structure increase with increasing number of passes at warm working temperatures. Superplastic behavior of the ECAE-processed alloy was achieved. However, the low zirconium content of the 2098 alloy resulted in grain growth of the refined structure at the superplastic processing temperatures, placing a lower limit on the deformation rates that can be used.     

GRAIN SHAPE EFFECT IN SUPERPLASTIC DEFORMATION

The method controlling grain shape in TMT processing and the effect of grain shape on char-acteristic parameters in superplastic deformation were discussed.The accommodation velocityof grahl boundary sliding,which is the dominant mechanism in superplastic deformation,andthe contribution of each mechanism to the total strain,as influenced by grain shape,were ana-lyzed.Grain shape has been shown to be an essential structural factor for superplasticity.Thenan analysis was made about the effect of grain shape on the region transition strain rate sothat a new concept,critical aspect for superplasticity,was worked out.These predictions werecompared with the measured results in an Al-Zn-Mg alloy.     

Al-Ti-B-RE细化剂对铝晶粒细化效果初探

对新型细化剂Al-Ti-B-RE的细化效果进行了探讨。结果表明：该中间合金是一种高效、长效的晶粒细化剂，当加入量为0．04％～0．10％，铝熔体在800℃静置30min的细化效果最显著，其效果优于进口Al-Ti-B细化剂。     

焊接热影响区微观结构演化的蒙特卡罗计算机模拟方法

焊接热影响区是影响焊接性能的主要区域。焊接热影响区的晶粒长大常常导致焊接热影响区成为性能薄弱的环节，对焊接热影响区晶粒长大的研究一直是焊接接头的重要研究课题。焊接热影响区微观结构演化与诸多因素密切相关，是一个复杂的过程。运用适当的计算机方法进行模拟，完成对晶粒生长的完全预测，具有重要的意义，可以为优化焊接工艺参数，提高焊接质量提供依据。在此对在模拟焊接热影响区微观结构的演化时采用的基本方法进行综述。     

热成形过程微观组织模拟研究进展

金属在热成形过程中微观组织发生诸如晶粒长大、再结晶等一系列的复杂变化,会直接影响加工过程与产品的力学性能。对近年计算机技术在热成形微观组织演变模拟方面的研究进展做了比较全面的评述,比较了相关的微观组织模拟方法,分析了利用各种模拟技术所取得的研究成果。     

Mn-Nb-Mo系X70级管线钢奥氏体再结晶规律的研究

研究了Mn-Nb-Mo系XT0级管线钢的再结晶规律，分析了变形温度、变形量等工艺参数对变形奥氏体再结晶百分数的影响，为现场控轧工艺的制定提供了理论依据。     

Deciphering the Binding Interactions between Acinetobacter baumannii ACP and β-ketoacyl ACP Synthase III to Improve Antibiotic Targeting Using NMR Spectroscopy

Fatty acid synthesis is essential for bacterial viability. Thus, fatty acid synthases (FASs) represent effective targets for antibiotics. Nevertheless, multidrug-resistant bacteria, including the human opportunistic bacteria, Acinetobacter baumannii, are emerging threats. Meanwhile, the FAS pathway of A. baumannii is relatively unexplored. Considering that acyl carrier protein (ACP) has an important role in the delivery of fatty acyl intermediates to other FAS enzymes, we elucidated the solution structure of A. baumannii ACP (AbACP) and, using NMR spectroscopy, investigated its interactions with β-ketoacyl ACP synthase III (AbKAS III), which initiates fatty acid elongation. The results show that AbACP comprises four helices, while Ca²⁺ reduces the electrostatic repulsion between acid residues, and the unconserved F47 plays a key role in thermal stability. Moreover, AbACP exhibits flexibility near the hydrophobic cavity entrance from D59 to T65, as well as in the α₁α₂ loop region. Further, F29 and A69 participate in slow exchanges, which may be related to shuttling of the growing acyl chain. Additionally, electrostatic interactions occur between the α₂ and α₃-helix of ACP and AbKAS III, while the hydrophobic interactions through the ACP α₂-helix are seemingly important. Our study provides insights for development of potent antibiotics capable of inhibiting A. baumannii FAS protein–protein interactions.     

Adenovirus-Mediated Inducible Expression of a PD-L1 Blocking Antibody in Combination with Macrophage Depletion Improves Survival in a Mouse Model of Peritoneal Carcinomatosis

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have demonstrated remarkable efficacy in a growing number of malignancies. However, overcoming primary or secondary resistances is difficult due to pharmacokinetics issues and side effects associated with high systemic exposure. Local or regional expression of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) using gene therapy vectors can alleviate this problem. In this work, we describe a high-capacity adenoviral vector (HCA-EFZP-aPDL1) equipped with a mifepristone-inducible system for the controlled expression of an anti-programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) blocking antibody. The vector was tested in an immune-competent mouse model of colorectal cancer based on implantation of MC38 cells. A single local administration of HCA-EFZP-aPDL1 in subcutaneous lesions led to a significant reduction in tumor growth with minimal release of the antibody in the circulation. When the vector was tested in a more stringent setting (rapidly progressing peritoneal carcinomatosis), the antitumor effect was marginal even in combination with other immune-stimulatory agents such as polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (pI:C), blocking mAbs for T cell immunoglobulin, mucin-domain containing-3 (TIM-3) or agonistic mAbs for 4-1BB (CD137). In contrast, macrophage depletion by clodronate liposomes enhanced the efficacy of HCA-EFZP-aPDL1. These results highlight the importance of addressing macrophage-associated immunoregulatory mechanisms to overcome resistance to ICIs in the context of colorectal cancer.     

The Potential Role of Small-Molecule PERK Inhibitor LDN-0060609 in Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma Treatment

Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) constitutes the most common type of glaucoma. Emerging evidence suggests that Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) stress and the protein kinase RNA-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK)-mediated Unfolded Protein Response (UPR) signaling pathway play a key role in POAG pathogenesis. Thus, the main aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the PERK inhibitor LDN-0060609 in cellular model of glaucoma using primary human trabecular meshwork (HTM) cells. To evaluate the level of the ER stress marker proteins, Western blotting and TaqMan gene expression assay were used. The cytotoxicity was measured by XTT, LDH assays and Giemsa staining, whereas genotoxicity via comet assay. Changes in cell morphology were assessed by phase-contrast microscopy. Analysis of apoptosis was performed by caspase-3 assay and flow cytometry (FC), whereas cell cycle progression by FC. The results obtained have demonstrated that LDN-0060609 triggered a significant decrease of ER stress marker proteins within HTM cells with induced ER stress conditions. Moreover, LDN-0060609 effectively increased viability, reduced DNA damage, increased proliferation, restored normal morphology, reduced apoptosis and restored normal cell cycle distribution of HTM cells with induced ER stress conditions. Thereby, PERK inhibitors, such as LDN-0060609, may provide an innovative, ground-breaking treatment strategy against POAG.