激光预处理基体细化铬层晶粒的电镀机理研究

为了揭示激光淬火预处理钢基体细化镀铬层界面晶粒的电镀机理,采用理论和试验相结合的方法进行了理论分析和试验验证。用化学腐蚀法制备了铬层/激光离散预处理基体界面的两侧（铬层界面与基体界面）,利用扫描电镜研究了铬层界面晶粒形貌,利用激光粗糙度仪测量了基体界面粗糙度;借助电镀理论构建了以过电位为中间变量的铬层界面晶粒尺寸和基体界面粗糙度关系分析模型;取得了粗糙度与晶粒尺寸呈正比的试验结果和粗糙度与晶粒尺寸呈正比的理论关系,得到了淬火预处理钢基体细化镀铬层界面晶粒的电镀机理。结果表明,激光淬火预处理钢基体得到的较小粗糙度可以提高过电位,过电位的提高减小了铬层界面晶粒尺寸。这一结果对进一步解释激光淬火预处理可以提高基体/铬层界面结合强度是有帮助的。     

工艺因素对金属封装外引线弯曲疲劳的影响

考察了金属封装外壳制造工艺对外引线弯曲疲劳的影响,发现电镀镍是导致外引线弯曲次数明显减少的最主要工艺步骤,且随镀镍层厚度的增加,弯曲次数减少。此外还讨论了外引线的氢含量和晶粒度对引线抗疲劳能力的影响。     

The microstructure of Cu films deposited by the self-ion assisted technique

The microstructures of Cu films deposited by the self-ion assisted, partially ionized beam (PIB) deposition technique under two different accelerating potentials, 0 KeV and 6 KeV, are compared. The 6 KeV film shows a bimodal (111) fiber and (100) fiber texture with an abundance of twin boundaries and a relatively large average grain size with a typical lognormal distribution. The 0 KeV film consists of small, mostly (111) oriented grains with islands of abnormally large (100) grains. The controlling factors for the abnormal growth of the (100) grains are discussed in relation to the observed microstructures, showing that all factors necessary for abnormal (100) growth are present in the films.     

基于Sobel算子的医学图像边缘检测研究

边缘检测是图像处理过程的关键技术.由于医学图像的特殊性,检测边缘的准确性对疾病的诊断和治疗有着重大的影响.针对传统Sobel算法存在定位不精确、提取边缘较粗等不足,提出了一种改进算法.算法在传统Sobel算子模板基础上增加了45°方向和135°方向两个模板,提高了边缘定位的精度,采取局部梯度均值作为阈值对初始梯度图像进行局部梯度筛选,局部弱边缘得到增强,然后对处理后梯度图像进行细化和提取,得到边缘图像.实验证明,算法获取的图像边缘与传统Sobel算法相比,具有定位准确、边连续性好和边缘较细等优点,在医学图像处理中具有一定的实用性.     

原位生长柱状晶氧化铝陶瓷材料的制备

按96瓷配比,在α-Al2O3中加入烧结助剂(氟化钙-高岭土),通过水基凝胶注模成型出氧化铝陶瓷坯片.在1570℃,2 h条件下无压烧结,制备出原位生长棒状晶自增韧氧化铝陶瓷.研究结果表明:1570℃烧结时完全生成棒状晶,棒晶呈现三维网络状交织在一起,样品的体积密度达到了3.77 g/cm3.而不含氟化物添加剂的样品在1500～1600℃下烧结时,不能生成氧化铝棒晶,基本呈椭球状或球状.加入少量的氟化物,经过高温烧结,即可在组织内部原位生成棒状晶,这样棒状晶就起到了纤维或晶须的强韧化作用,大大提高了96瓷氧化铝陶瓷的力学性能,断裂韧性达到了5.25 MPa·m1/2,比传统96瓷氧化铝韧性提高了60%.     

中型立筒仓共用管道熏蒸杀虫通风降温试验

立筒仓粮堆在储藏期间感染害虫和不正常升温,是安全储粮的难题,本试验在立筒仓内安装了一套共用管道系统,兼有熏蒸杀虫,通风降温和熏蒸残余气体利用的功能。使用该系统进行环流熏蒸,仓内各部位熏蒸气体分布均匀,杀虫效果达到100％,还配备了带有加热装置的气化器,在大气温度低于15.6℃和用药量超过51b的情况下,可使液态熏蒸剂充分气化,而达到理想的杀虫效果。该系统通风降温效果好,通风后每米粮层温差<1℃。将两个立筒仓的共用管道串接,可将熏蒸仓内约40％的熏蒸气体输送至邻仓,解决了残留药剂的利用问题。该试验安装的共用管道系统具有设计合理、设备简单的特点。     

COMPOSITION OF NON-STARCH POLYSACCHARIDES IN WORT AND SPENT GRAIN FROM BREWING TRIALS WITH MALT FROM A GOOD MALTING QUALITY BARLEY AND A FEED BARLEY

Worts and spent grains were obtained from pilot-scale brews using malts of two barley varieties differing in malting quality. Triumph was used as an example of a good malting quality barley and Golf as a typical feed grade barley. Arabinoxylan concentrations were similar in worts of both varieties, whereas (1–3), (1–4)-β-glucan concentrations were much higher in wort prepared from Golf malt than in wort from Triumph malt. From the worts, polysaccharide fractions were isolated by ethanol precipitation and characterised. Results indicated the presence of high molecular weight arabinoxylans and (1–3), (1–4)-β-glucans. The arabinose to xylose ratios in the precipitates were considerably higher than in total worts. Methylation analysis showed little differences between precipitated wort arabinoxylans from both varieties. In comparison to water-insoluble arabinoxylans extracted from barley and malt, the precipitated wort arabinoxylans were richer in xylopyranose residues substituted with arabinose residues at both 0–2 and 0–3. Viscosities of the hopped worts of both varieties decreased after treatment with endoxylanase 1 from Aspergillus awamori. This confirms that arabinoxylans play a role in determining wort viscosity, possibly through interactions with (1–3), (1–4)-β-glucans.     

热压细晶高功率微波铁氧体

利用热压工艺制备出了细晶粒（２μｍ）ＹＩＧ铁氧体材料,测量了其微波性能,结果表明,细晶粒铁氧体的自旋波线宽ΔＨｋ显著提高,其ΔＨｋ与晶粒尺寸有ａ０＾－１．７的相依关系。同时,分析讨论了细晶粒铁氧体铁磁共振线宽ΔＨ的致宽因素。     

铜基形状记忆合金的晶粒细化方法及机理探讨

介绍了国内外铜基形状记忆合金的晶粒细化方法，并探讨了晶粒细化的机理     

Lowland rice response to potassium fertilization and its effect on N and P uptake

Not much is known about the response of lowland rice to K fertilization under Brazilian conditions. A field experiment was conducted during four consecutive years to determine the response of three lowland rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars to K fertilization on a Low Humic Gley soil. In the first two years, K was broadcast at rates of 0, 42, 84, 126, and 168 kg K ha^–1. In the last two years K rates were reduced to 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100 kg K ha^–1 and applied in a band. Potassium significantly (P < 0.01) increased grain yields but the response varied from cultivar to cultivar and year to year. Yield responses to K fertilization were superimposed on a general trend of increasing grain yields across the four growing seasons. Mean grain yields increased 14.3% with broadcast application of K in the first two years and 10.4% with banded application of K in the last two years when compared to the control treatments. Extractable soil K increased with K application rate and decreased with soil depth. Potassium was rapidly removed from the soil and yearly broadcast or banded application of K can be expected to result in a significant increase in grain yield of lowland rice in these soils.