有向符号网络的边能控性研究

符号网络是一类具有正负符号特征的网络.在多智能体系统中,符号网络能够描述智能体之间的合作与对抗交互关系,因此受到学者的广泛关注.本文主要研究有向符号网络的边能控性.首先,对具有符号网络的多智能体系统边动力学进行建模,得到边能控性模型.其次,从网络拓扑结构角度对边能控子空间进行定量刻画,利用有向符号网络的距离和等价划分得到能控子空间的上下界估计.进一步,讨论了符号网络边能控性与顶点能控性的关系.所得结果表明:当顶点符号图为结构非平衡时,符号网络的边能控性与顶点能控性等价.最后,通过仿真结果验证所得理论的有效性.     

基于无干扰理论的虚拟机可信启动研究

云计算作为一种新型高价值计算系统,目前被广泛应用于各行业领域;等保2.0中也提出了对其应用主动免疫可信计算技术进行动态可信验证的要求.云计算模式下,虚拟机作为用户使用云服务的直接载体,其可信启动是虚拟机运行环境可信的基础.但由于虚拟机以进程的形式运行在物理节点上,其启动过程呈现出高动态性,且多虚拟机域间存在非预期干扰等特点;而现有的虚拟机可信启动方案存在虚拟机启动过程的动态防护性不足、缺乏多虚拟域间非预期干扰性排除等问题.针对上述问题,提出一种基于无干扰理论的虚拟机可信启动研究方案.首先,基于无干扰理论,提出了虚拟机进程的运行时可信定理;进一步地,给出了虚拟机可信启动的定义并证明了虚拟机可信启动判定定理.其次,依据虚拟机可信启动判定定理,基于系统调用设计监测控制逻辑,对虚拟机启动过程进行主动动态度量与主动控制.实验结果表明所提方案能够有效排除复杂云环境下多虚拟机间非预期干扰,保证虚拟机启动过程的动态可信性,且性能开销较小.     

面向关系型数据与知识图谱的数据集成技术综述

目前,各个国家和地区均已将大数据视为重要的战略资源.然而,大数据时代普遍存在数据流通困难、数据监管不足等问题,致使数据孤岛现象严重,数据质量低下,数据要素潜能难以释放.这驱使研究人员探索数据集成技术,以打破数据壁垒、实现信息共享、提升数据质量,进而激活数据要素潜能.关系型数据和知识图谱作为两种至关重要的数据组织与存储形式,在现实生活中应用广泛.为此,聚焦关系型数据和知识图谱,归纳总结并分析实体解析、数据融合、数据清洗3方面的数据集成关键技术,最后展望未来研究方向与趋势.     

融合多重实例关系的无监督跨模态哈希检索

大多数跨模态哈希检索方法仅使用余弦相似度进行特征匹配,计算方式过于单一,没有考虑到实例的关系对于性能的影响.为此,提出一种基于多重实例关系图推理的方法,通过构造相似度矩阵,建立全局和局部的实例关系图,充分挖掘实例之间的细粒度关系.在多重实例关系图的基础上进行相似度推理,首先分别进行图像模态和文本模态关系图内部的推理,然后将模态内的关系映射到实例图中进行推理,最后执行实例图内部的推理.此外,为了适应图像和文本两种模态的特点,使用分步训练策略训练神经网络.在MIRFlickr和NUS-WIDE数据集上实验表明,提出的方法在mAP指标上具有很明显的优势,在Top-k-Precision曲线上也获得良好的效果.这也说明所提方法对实例关系进行深入挖掘,从而显著地提升检索性能.     

基于博弈论的多服务器多用户视频分析任务卸载算法

在过去的近10年中,人工智能相关的服务和应用大规模出现,它们要求高算力、高带宽和低时延.边缘计算目前被认为是这些应用最适合的计算模式,尤其是视频分析相关应用.研究多服务器多用户异构视频分析任务卸载问题,其中用户选择合适的边缘服务器,并将他们的原始视频数据上传至服务器进行视频分析.为了有效处理众多用户对有限网络资源的竞争和共享,并且能够获得稳定的网络资源分配局面,即每个用户不会单方面地改变自己的任务卸载决策,该多服务器多用户异构视频分析任务卸载问题被建模为一个多玩家的博弈问题.基于最小化整体时延的优化目标,先后研究非分布式视频分析场景和分布式视频分析场景两种情形,分别提出基于博弈论的潜在最优服务器选择算法和视频单元分配算法.通过严格的数学证明,两种情形下提出的算法均可以达到纳什均衡,同时保证较低的整体时延.最后,基于真实数据集的大量实验表明,所提方法比其他现有算法降低了平均26.3%的整体时延.     

基于改进混合粒子群算法和匹配理论的无人机电力巡检卸载策略

无人机搭载深度神经网络进行自主电力巡检时由于受到设备本身计算能力、电池容量、深度神经网络计算负载的限制,无法独立处理巡检任务中产生的海量图像数据。为解决该问题,提出了一种基于改进混合粒子群算法和匹配理论的无人机电力巡检卸载策略,该策略将系统成本最小化问题分解为深度神经网络计算任务协同分割和边缘服务器选择两个子问题。针对协同分割子问题,基于深度神经网络计算任务的执行流程提出了一种错时传输方法,通过改进混合粒子群算法求解多无人机任务协同分割层。针对边缘服务器选择子问题,定义无人机与边缘服务器各自偏好函数,根据偏好函数通过匹配理论建立两者间的稳定匹配,得到边缘服务器选择策略。仿真结果表明,与其他卸载策略相比,所提策略能有效降低无人机能耗和计算任务处理时延,促进边缘服务器负载均衡。     

APPCorp: a corpus for Android privacy policy document structure analysis

With the increasing popularity of mobile devices and the wide adoption of mobile Apps, an increasing concern of privacy issues is raised. Privacy policy is identified as a proper medium to indicate the legal terms, such as the general data protection regulation (GDPR), and to bind legal agreement between service providers and users. However, privacy policies are usually long and vague for end users to read and understand. It is thus important to be able to automatically analyze the document structures of privacy policies to assist user understanding. In this work we create a manually labelled corpus containing 231 privacy policies (of more than 566,000 words and 7,748 annotated paragraphs). We benchmark our data corpus with 3 document classification models and achieve more than 82% on F1-score.     

Rumor detection with self-supervised learning on texts and social graph

Rumor detection has become an emerging and active research field in recent years. At the core is to model the rumor characteristics inherent in rich information, such as propagation patterns in social network and semantic patterns in post content, and differentiate them from the truth. However, existing works on rumor detection fall short in modeling heterogeneous information, either using one single information source only (e.g., social network, or post content) or ignoring the relations among multiple sources (e.g., fusing social and content features via simple concatenation).Therefore, they possibly have drawbacks in comprehensively understanding the rumors, and detecting them accurately. In this work, we explore contrastive self-supervised learning on heterogeneous information sources, so as to reveal their relations and characterize rumors better. Technically, we supplement the main supervised task of detection with an auxiliary self-supervised task, which enriches post representations via post self-discrimination.Specifically, given two heterogeneous views of a post (i.e., representations encoding social patterns and semantic patterns), the discrimination is done by maximizing the mutual information between different views of the same post compared to that of other posts. We devise cluster-wise and instance-wise approaches to generate the views and conduct the discrimination, considering different relations of information sources. We term this framework as self-supervised rumor detection (SRD). Extensive experiments on three real-world datasets validate the effectiveness of SRD for automatic rumor detection on social media.     

Few-shot node classification via local adaptive discriminant structure learning

Node classification has a wide range of application scenarios such as citation analysis and social network analysis. In many real-world attributed networks, a large portion of classes only contain limited labeled nodes. Most of the existing node classification methods cannot be used for few-shot node classification. To train the model effectively and improve the robustness and reliability of the model with scarce labeled samples, in this paper, we propose a local adaptive discriminant structure learning (LADSL) method for few-shot node classification. LADSL aims to properly represent the nodes in the attributed graphs and learn a metric space with a strong discriminating power by reducing the intra-class variations and enlarging inter-class differences. Extensive experiments conducted on various attributed networks datasets demonstrate that LADSL is superior to the other methods on few-shot node classification task.     

从计算到人类知识：ChatGPT与智能演化

深入探讨了智能的演化过程和ChatGPT的实现效果,以及人工智能通用性提高和长期发展方向。从自然界中智能的诞生过程开始,介绍了人工智能的发展历程和现状,分析了ChatGPT作为一种具有强大泛化能力的深度神经网络模型在人工智能领域中的重要意义。还探讨了人工智能通用性提高对世界的潜在影响,介绍了一些新兴应用领域。通过阅读本文,读者可以更好地理解人工智能技术的发展趋势和未来方向。