A state space differential reproducing kernel method for the 3D analysis of FGM sandwich circular hollow cylinders with combinations of simply-supported and clamped edges

A state space differential reproducing kernel (DRK) method is developed for the three-dimensional (3D) analysis of functionally graded material (FGM) sandwich circular hollow cylinders with combinations of simply-supported and clamped edges and under sinusoidally (or uniformly) distributed loads. The strong formulation of this 3D elasticity problem is derived on the basis of the Reissner mixed variational theorem (RMVT), which consists of the Euler–Lagrange equations of this problem and its associated boundary conditions. The primary field variables are expanded as the single Fourier series in the circumferential coordinate, then interpolated in the axial coordinate using the early proposed DRK interpolation functions, and finally the state space equations of this problem are obtained, which represent a system of ordinary differential equations in the thickness coordinate. The present state space DRK solutions can then be obtained by means of the transfer matrix method. In the illustrative examples, three different edge conditions, the simple-simple (SS), simple-clamped (SC), and clamped–clamped (CC) edges, are considered, and the accuracy and convergence of this method are examined by comparing their solutions with the exact 3D ones available in the literature and the solutions using the ANSYS commercial software.     

生阳极炭块编组机组的探讨

通过对生阳极炭块编组机组发展历程的追踪,阐述了各阶段生阳极炭块编组机组的基本组成、顺序及对影响该机组适应性的关键设备的创新。     

Dried jujube classification using support vector machine based on fractal parameters and red,green and blue intensity

A new method that combines fractal theory and red, green and blue (RGB) colour intensity was developed to sort dried jujube fruits by using support vector machine (SVM). Our result shows that the new method is fast and accurate in dried jujube fruits classification. The SVM models based on fractal parameters only achieved 85.18–92.73% total accuracy rate. The total classification accuracy of SVM based on RGB intensity values was 94.44%. However, the SVM models based on combining fractal parameters with RGB intensity values achieved 94.44–98.15% total accuracy rate. The best classification accuracy (98.15%) was found when using SVM model based on combining fractal measures (FM) with RGB intensity values (C = 512, γ = 0.0078125). Therefore, the SVM model based on combining FMs with RGB intensity is recommended in dried jujube fruits classification.     

Radiation tolerant nano-FED biosensing for space application

A p-type polysilicon nanowire and silicon nano-channel combination based biosensor was developed, which has the potential to detect pathogens and thus protect crew safety aboard long-term manned flight programmes in high radiation space flights. This study outlines structures, which compose the biosensor, and demonstrates that the nano-device utilised herein is total dose radiation hardened. Highly doped polysilicon nanowires (30–100?nm) in nano-field-effect device (FED) were fabricated on silicon/silicon dioxide wafers and insulated with a thin polyimide layer. When the targeted gene, Escherichia coli DH5 alpha 16S rRNA, incubated on the device surface, the constant overall impedance increased or decreased depending on the electronic charge, mass and composition of the target molecule. All measurements were carried under 25 MeV S-Band linear accelerator followed by impedance measurements. Current sets of experiments show these nano-FED can form the basis of a robust, very sensitive handheld tool for pathogen detection in space application.     

现代城市中“负空间”类型与对策概述

存在于城市中的负空间是在建筑物之间起着过渡与衔接作用的空间,是设计师在定义了各种功能空间之后所遗漏的空间,也是藏有各种消极因素与隐患的空间。该文按照其不同的位置和特点对负空间的种类做了归纳与分析,并且从设计层面上提出了多个改善的要点与策略,有助于降低消极负空间的影响,提升城市空间质量与居住舒适度。     

基于地域乡土观念的金梅湖乡村文化活动中心建筑规划设计

基于乡土观念的现象与特点,探讨了在城市化进程中乡村文化活动空间设计的定位、原则及方法,以金梅湖乡村文化活动中心建筑设计为例,其设计遵从表达乡村文化地域特色与提升乡村生活品质并重的思路,以期带给乡村经济、社会以及环境的平衡、健康发展。     

绿色城市规划法则及中国绿色城市未来展望

当今时代最大的环境挑战是城市和建筑对化石燃料的依赖,以及对能源、土地、水和食品安全日益增长的需求。在这一背景下,城市需向更可持续的城镇化模式转变,建筑和城市规划在这一过程中发挥主要作用。为此提出了15项绿色城市法则,以应对现存街区、区域和城市转型的挑战,并对中国低碳或无碳的未来进行了展望。     

A review on carbon nanotube/polymer composites for organic solar cells

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have unique properties, such as their electrical conductivity, that enable them to be combined with conducting polymers to form composites for use in organic solar cells (OSCs). It is envisaged that the improved composite has a higher efficiency of green energy and will reduce the cost of these cells. The use of such alternative energy sources also drastically reduces overuse of fossil fuels and consequently limits environmental degradation. This review compares research and performance between conventional silicon solar cells and OSCs. It also discusses OSC photoexcitation and charge carrier generation with the incorporation of CNTs, physicochemical properties of the composites and other factors that affect the efficiencies of OSCs. In addition, properties of CNTs that favour their dispersion in polymer matrices as acceptors and charge carriers to the electrodes are covered. The effects of CNTs containing dopants, such as nitrogen and boron, on charge transfer are discussed. Also, the fabrication techniques of OSCs that include CNT/polymer composite processing and the methods of film deposition on the substrate are described. Finally, the case studies of OSCs containing polymers with single‐walled CNTs, double‐walled CNTs or multi‐walled CNTs are evaluated. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

谈繁峙文化中心的方案设计

根据繁峙文化中心独特的山川地势及其历史文化积淀,对如何融入城市空间秩序,塑造独特的建筑形象,营造高质量的户外活动场所进行了分析研究,并对该文化中心的方案设计要点进行了论述,以构建出繁峙文化中心独一无二的场所精神。