关于企业文化建设的思考

人类社会的发展和科学技术的进步，将企业管理理论的发展推到了文化管理的崭新阶段。以企业文化建设为统领地位的企业管理模式，成为了后续企业管理领域不可逆转的发展趋势。我国的企业文化建设还只是处于初级阶段，因此，关于企业文化和企业文化建设的研究，是我国理论界和企业界需要共同面对的一个亟待深入开掘的重大课题。     

拓展学生思维提高应用能力——《单片机应用技术》课程建设的思路和实践

《单片机应用技术》是一门综合性、实践性很强的技术基础课程,怎样来建设这门课程,对巩固和加强课堂的教学效果,提高学生的实际应用能力起着重要的作用。本文结合《单片机应用技术》课程建设实践,从教学内容、教学方法及实践教学等方面,对如何拓展学生思维、提高应用能力进行了探讨。     

Tests During Three Stages of Construction of a Road Bridge with a Flexible Load-Carrying Structure Made of Super Cor Type Steel Corrugated Plates Interacting with Soil

The way in which a new road bridge made of steel corrugated plates Super Cor type was tested during the three stages of its construction is described and the test results are presented. Backfill in construction Stage I and two ballasting vehicles in Stages II and III constituted the loads. The box bridge spans the Bystrzyca Dusznicka River in Polanica Zdroj, Poland. The span’s effective length is 12.27?m and its vertical inside diameter is 3.85?m. The steel span is founded on two reinforced concrete strip foundations. The average values of the displacements and strains (normal stresses) measured in selected points and on selected elements of the steel shell structure were much smaller than the ones computed for the same load. The conclusions drawn from this research can be helpful in determining the interaction between the steel shell and the backfill. Since this type of steel–soil structure is increasingly used in Poland and in the world, the conclusions can be generalized to a whole class of similar bridge designs.     

Trade-off between Safety and Cost in Planning Construction Site Layouts

Planning construction site layouts involves identifying the positions of temporary facilities on site, and accordingly it has a significant impact on the safety and efficiency of construction operations. Although available models are capable of minimizing the travel cost of resources on site, they do not consider safety as an important and separate objective in the optimization of site layouts. This paper presents the development of an expanded site layout planning model that is capable of maximizing construction safety and minimizing the travel cost of resources on site, simultaneously. The model incorporates newly developed concepts and performance criteria that enable the quantification of construction safety and travel cost of resources on site. The present model is developed in three main phases: (1) formulating decision variables and optimization objectives in this site layout planning problem; (2) identifying and satisfying all practical constraints in this optimization problem; and (3) implementing the model as a multiobjective genetic algorithm. An application example is analyzed to illustrate the use of the model and demonstrate its capabilities in optimizing construction site layouts and generating optimal trade-offs between safety and travel cost of resources on site.     

E-Society Portal: Integrating Urban Highway Construction Projects into the Knowledge City

Community involvement is an important factor for sustainable highway construction. Information and communication technologies provide a new and more effective approach to facilitate community involvement. However, there are too many parameters with conflicting and subjective definitions related to sustainability and too many stakeholders with varying degrees of interest and sophistication. There is a need for an effective tool to communicate project impacts on sustainability to local communities. This paper presents an ontology for stakeholder management and sustainability in highway construction. An ontology is a conceptual semantic model that attempts to capture human knowledge (both explicit and tacit) in a consistent manner. Ontologies include three main elements: a taxonomy (common vocabulary presented in concept trees), set of relationships (linking concepts across trees), and axioms (limitation/constraints on the behavior of concepts). The ontology was used to develop a portal for broadcasting highway design features to local communities. By browsing through the portal, a user can learn about project elements, the impacts of each element on sustainability issues, who is sponsoring such element, and what efforts have been made to reduce any impacts of such elements on local communities.     

Effect of Safety and Environmental Variables on Task Durations in Steel Erection

In spite of the efforts by government agencies, labor organizations, and researchers in the field of health and safety, injuries and fatalities continue to affect the construction industry. In 2002 the construction industry had the undesirable distinction of having two of the most dangerous occupations in the United States, with fatalities among structural steel workers at 58.2 per 100,000 workers (fourth highest rate) and among construction laborers at 27.7 per 100,000 workers (ninth highest rate). Costs associated with construction accidents, such as increased insurance premiums and medical expenses, and loss of productivity are also concerns in the industry. It has not been demonstrated how unsafe working conditions affect worker performance, and the impact of unsafe work practices on worker performance has not been quantified. This paper describes a methodology that included direct observation of steel erection activities and statistical analysis of task duration data. The data collected at steel erection sites included safety conditions such as the use of personal protective equipment (PPE), elevation of the work area, environmental conditions such as temperature and humidity, and worker performance in the form of task durations. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) analysis of 186 of steel erection task durations collected over a six-month period showed that the use of personal protective equipment (PPE), the time of day during which the operation was being performed, the elevation at which the work was being performed, and the presence of decking below the work area had statistically significant effects on the durations of steel erection tasks.     

Key Constraints Analysis with Integrated Production Scheduler

Project delays due to late availabilities of resource and information (RI) prerequisites are one of the major threats to construction management. It is desirable to avoid such delays through better means of constraint management. With most contemporary planning methodologies and tools, it is generally difficult to represent many hidden flow constraints in a construction work plan. However, evaluating the impact of flow constraints is crucial in determining their criticalities, based on which the flow constraints may be prioritized and consequently resolved to minimize project delays. Due to the fact that limited resources are often shared among various trades, it may not be practical to resolve all the constraints simultaneously so that a tradeoff is inevitable, which suggests that management should focus on the most important ones termed as key constraints (i.e., those directly contributing to project delays). This paper presents a methodology that augments the traditional critical path method with RI availability constraints to analyze the causes of delays and locate the key constraints binding on project completion without ambiguity based on the principles of the theory of constraints. The methodology of key constraint analysis has been implemented with the integrated production scheduler, a constraint-based scheduling tool which facilitates the modeling, analysis, and management of constraints at the production planning level. An illustrative example is depicted to demonstrate how the proposed methodology works.     

局部构造C2连续的三次B样条插值曲线和双三次插值曲面

为了避免一般的局部插值算法生成的B样条曲线和曲面在段点处达不到理想的连续性以及出现多重内节点的问题,一种局部构造C2连续的三次B样条插值曲线和双三次插值曲面的方法被介绍。该方法借助节点插入算法逐步地迭代出样条控制顶点,其思想简单、几何直观、算法速度快,在曲线中夹直线段、尖点以及在曲面中夹棱边和平面都能比较容易实现。生成的曲线光滑度高、无重节点。文章最后还利用这种构造方法给出了一种在指定范围内按规定变形曲线的方法。     

当前地源热泵应用中的若干问题探讨

地源热泵(GSHP)是一种既可以供热又可以制冷的高效节能环保型空调系统.关于地源热泵的分类问题还存在很多不同的看法和争议,据此笔者提出自己的一些观点,并指出常规认识中的一些误区.同时对目前大家比较关注的应用较多的土壤源热泵、地热水水源热泵、地下水(深井水)水源热泵的系统形式及分类等情况作了一简单介绍. 此外,在简单介绍水环热泵系统原理的基础上,对一些在使用中比较模糊和容易混淆的几个概念进行了区别和分析,得出的结论是:通常所认为的"水环热泵属于水源热泵"的看法是不正确的,水环热泵事实上应该是一种空气源热泵;此外,"水源热泵是一种水--空气热泵"的说法也不确切,事实上,水源热泵可以采用水--空气热泵形式,也可以采用水--水热泵形式.     

智能板动荷载监测的压电单元模态法

基于对智能层合板结构的模态分析,提出由结构的压电模态响应反演瞬态荷载时间历程的有限元方法。介绍了压电模态传感器的实现原理,并给出了由实测压电单元输出得到结构模态响应的计算公式。采用无条件稳定的精细逐步积分法求解结构的模态动力学微分方程,构造了通过结构的模态响应反求荷载列阵的迭代算法。该方法作为动态激励的压电模态响应易于实时监测,迭代过程简单可靠、计算速度快、识别精度较高,适用于任意形状和边界条件的复杂型智能结构。实例表明了该方法的可行性。