考虑负荷频率特性的新能源场站一次调频控制方法

随着大容量高比例的新能源集中接入电网,传统电网可用的频率响应资源占比逐步减少。为了充分发挥新能源场站参与电网快速一次调频的潜力,提高电网的电能质量,在新能源场站常规有功-频率下垂控制方法基础上,提出了一种考虑负荷频率特性的新能源场站一次调频控制方法,该方法提高了系统频率的抗扰动能力。采用MATLAB/Simulink对典型负荷频率特性的新能源场站一次调频控制方法进行了仿真验证,结果表明所提出的控制方法可以显著提高系统频率稳定性,对新能源场站一次调频具有重要参考意义。     

基于改进多目标粒子群算法的有源配电网储能优化配置

储能系统可解决分布式电源加入配电网所产生的不良影响,而储能系统的合理配置是其有效应用的前提。以电网脆弱性衡量指标、有功网损、储能额定容量三个方面,考虑规划与运行之间的耦合性建立储能系统在有源配电网中的多目标选址定容模型。提出改进的多目标粒子群算法用于求解。该算法在种群更新过程中引入准对立学习策略以增强解的覆盖范围和收敛速度,并根据迭代次数采用自适应分裂策略分离过早聚集的粒子,从而增强粒子多样性,保证了算法跳出局部最优的能力。通过在IEEE33节点配电系统上进行分析,验证了所提模型及算法在优化分布式储能选址定容及运行策略中的合理性,并能有效改善电网的运行经济性与脆弱性,具有更强的全局寻优能力。     

透明吸波体综述北大核心CSCD

吸波体是一种带有损耗特性的周期结构,能够吸收电磁波,将电磁能转化为热能,降低反射的电磁波能量。随着应用场景的特殊化,吸波体朝着特殊领域、特定功能、更具针对性的方向发展。由于各类含有光学窗口的应用环境对抗电磁干扰需求的不断提高,吸波体光学透明化成为研究的重点方向。为了对透明吸波体的发展状况有系统的认识,文章以制造材料为脉络梳理了近年来可见光透明吸波体的研究现状,包括氧化铟锡(ITO)、金属网栅、石墨烯等,综述了以它们为材料制备的透明吸波体优缺点以及发展趋势,最后对透明吸波体的未来发展进行了展望。     

Fault detection of energy-aware grid systems in big data environment

Grid technology based on parallel theory is used to study a large amount of data processing. This research mainly discusses the fault detection of grid dynamic system in a big data environment. In order to verify the communication efficiency between different security nodes of the ZSS system under different operating system conditions, this study will use four physical computers and VM Ware software to establish a simulated communication environment, using GlobusToolkit (GT)'s existing deployment mechanism to realize the overall grid dynamic deployment architecture. Using Web service technology remotely calls the monitoring module interface of resource nodes in the domain and uses standard protocols to send monitoring data. At the same time, in order for the management node to save the monitoring data in the local standardized form of XML, the administrator can use the saved historical data to process system failures, analyze, and predict system performance. In order to solve the problem of information explosion, a fault detector is used to precisely control the cost of message detection and the state distribution of the detection result and the time of message delay. Under special circumstances, it takes 60 min to execute a 30-min job, and the fault detection point consumes an average of 54.33 min. The research results show that the fault-tolerant strategy can improve the performance of resource consumption in the fault-tolerant tracking system. Adopting the method of dynamically adjustable detection interval can effectively reduce the overhead of the grid dynamic system. The detection method used in this study can meet the application requirements of the grid.     

基于神威·太湖之光的非结构网格计算加速算法

在国产异构众核平台神威·太湖之光上的非结构网格计算具有稀疏存储、离散访存、数据依赖等特点,严重制约了众核处理器的性能发挥。为解决稀疏存储和离散访存问题,提出一种N阶对角染色算法,以有效平衡主从核计算并利用从核将全局访存转化为LDM访问。针对数据依赖造成的计算竞争问题,采用自适应和无依赖的任务划分方法,避免并行计算时的数据冲突。为对处理器架构和非结构网格计算进行优化,采用主核与从核异步并行的方式,差异化使用主从核以充分利用硬件资源,同时,取消处理器提供的寄存器通信机制,降低从核阵列的同步开销同时便于扩展到新一代神威平台。此外,使用计算访存异步重叠技术来充分隐藏访存延迟。利用SpMV、Integration、calcLudsFcc算子进行实验,结果表明,相比主核实现,组合加速算法在不同算例规模下平均取得了10倍的加速效果,加速比最高可达24倍,N阶对角染色算法相比非染色分块算法取得了超过5.8倍的性能加速,有效提升了数据局部性和计算并行度。该算法对有依赖关系的计算冲突算子同样具有良好的加速性能,验证了自适应和无依赖任务划分方法的有效性。     

The Grid Method for In‐plane Displacement and Strain Measurement: A Review and Analysis

The grid method is a technique suitable for the measurement of in‐plane displacement and strain components on specimens undergoing a small deformation. It relies on a regular marking of the surfaces under investigation. Various techniques are proposed in the literature to retrieve these sought quantities from images of regular markings, but recent advances show that techniques developed initially to process fringe patterns lead to the best results. The grid method features a good compromise between measurement resolution and spatial resolution, thus making it an efficient tool to characterise strain gradients. Another advantage of this technique is the ability to establish closed‐form expressions between its main metrological characteristics, thus enabling to predict them within certain limits. In this context, the objective of this paper is to give the state of the art in the grid method, the information being currently spread out in the literature. We propose first to recall various techniques that were used in the past to process grid images, to focus progressively on the one that is the most used in recent examples: the windowed Fourier transform. From a practical point of view, surfaces under investigation must be marked with grids, so the techniques available to mark specimens with grids are presented. Then we gather the information available in the recent literature to synthesise the connection between three important characteristics of full‐field measurement techniques: the spatial resolution, the measurement resolution and the measurement bias. Some practical information is then offered to help the readers who discover this technique to start using it. In particular, programmes used here to process the grid images are offered to the readers on a dedicated website. We finally present some recent examples available in the literature to highlight the effectiveness of the grid method for in‐plane displacement and strain measurement in real situations.     

坑道内爆炸冲击波相似律问题探讨

为研究坑道内爆炸冲击波相似律问题,进行了不同药量坑道堵口爆炸实验,并利用ANSYS/LSDYNA软件对原型坑道与模型坑道爆炸冲击波进行数值计算。结果表明:与自由大气中不同,同一坑道内不同药量爆炸产生的冲击波不符合爆炸相似律;若原型坑道与模型坑道几何相似,装药量之比为几何相似比的三次方,则原型坑道与模型坑道内爆炸冲击波符合爆炸相似律;坑道内爆炸冲击波数值模拟时,若原型坑道与模型坑道网格尺寸符合相应的几何相似比,则冲击波计算结果满足相似律,当坑道截面网格密度为1675~2977时可以达到计算精度要求。     

Central Aggregator Intrusion Detection System for Denial of Service Attacks

Vehicle-to-grid technology is an emerging field that allows unused power from Electric Vehicles (EVs) to be used by the smart grid through the central aggregator. Since the central aggregator is connected to the smart grid through a wireless network, it is prone to cyber-attacks that can be detected and mitigated using an intrusion detection system. However, existing intrusion detection systems cannot be used in the vehicle-to-grid network because of the special requirements and characteristics of the vehicle-to-grid network. In this paper, the effect of denial-of-service attacks of malicious electric vehicles on the central aggregator of the vehicle-to-grid network is investigated and an intrusion detection system for the vehicle-to-grid network is proposed. The proposed system, central aggregator–intrusion detection system (CA-IDS), works as a security gateway for EVs to analyze and monitor incoming traffic for possible DoS attacks. EVs are registered with a Central Aggregator (CAG) to exchange authenticated messages, and malicious EVs are added to a blacklist for violating a set of predefined policies to limit their interaction with the CAG. A denial of service (DoS) attack is simulated at CAG in a vehicle-to-grid (V2G) network manipulating various network parameters such as transmission overhead, receiving capacity of destination, average packet size, and channel availability. The proposed system is compared with existing intrusion detection systems using different parameters such as throughput, jitter, and accuracy. The analysis shows that the proposed system has a higher throughput, lower jitter, and higher accuracy as compared to the existing schemes.     

Optimizing Decision-Making of A Smart Prosumer Microgrid Using Simulation

Distributed renewable energy sources offer significant alternatives for Qatar and the Arab Gulf region’s future fuel supply and demand. Microgrids are essential for providing dependable power in difficult-to-reach areas while incorporating significant amounts of renewable energy sources. In energy-efficient data centers, distributed generation can be used to meet the facility’s overall power needs. This study primarily focuses on the best energy management practices for a smart microgrid in Qatar while taking demand-side load management into account. This article looked into a university microgrid in Qatar that primarily aimed to get all of its energy from the grid. While diesel generators are categorized as a dispatchable distributed generation with energy storage added to handle solar radiation from the sun and high grid power operating costs in the suggested scenario, wind turbines and solar Photovoltaic (PV) are classified as non-dispatchable distributed generators. The resulting linear math issues are assessed and displayed in MATLAB optimization software using a mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) strategy. According to the simulation results, the suggested energy management strategy reduced the university microgrid’s grid power costs by 38.8%, making it an affordable solution which is somehow greater than the prior case scenario’s 23% savings. The installed solar system capacity’s effects on the economy, society, and finances were also assessed, and it became clear that the best option for the smart microgrid was determined that would be 325 kW of solar PV, 25 kW of wind turbine, and 600 kW of diesel generators, respectively. Given the current situation, university administrators are urged to participate in distributed generators and adopt cutting-edge designs for energy storage technologies due to the significant environmental and financial benefits.     

一种新的NURBS曲面的显示技术

提出了一种ＮＵＲＢＳ曲面的显示算法,该算法在通常参数曲面以网格形式显示的基础上,用小曲面片代替小平面片,利用曲线上部分点的切矢来决定显示曲线的点密度,同时增加了精度和速度控制的参数,使得显示的曲面更加光滑、流畅且易于控制。