定长槽单向弥散方程的理论解及其应用

论文导出了定长槽的单向弥散方程解。解包含槽下游封闭和开敞并伴有流速的两种条件。根据定长槽和半无限长槽单向弥散方程解的比较结果,只要弥散系数D和流速u相等,且弥散前锋尚未到达定长槽下游边界以前,那么两者相对浓度C/C0的分布相同。据此,可取定长槽进行试验,而用相应于半无限长的简单公式计算分析。     

Impact of sedimentation on groundwater recharge at Sahalanowt Dam,Salalah, Oman

Recharge dams in Oman detain floods to recharge groundwater. The impact of sedimentation on recharge at Wadi Sahalanowt Recharge Dam, in Salalah, Oman, was evaluated using field data and numerical modelling. Analysis of the thickness of sediments after flood events shows that maximum depositions were at the same locations after each event, coinciding with the lowest positions in the wadi. Numerical modelling suggests that the current practice of periodic removal of sediments will restore the storage capacity of the reservoir, but that ploughing or raking of the underlying native sedimentary rocks could be required to significantly improve infiltration rates.     

NSD-A型地下水流向仪的研制和应用

在水利工程、农田水利和各种水文地质勘探中,地下水的流向测定十分重要。1963年Arsenal研究所的J.Mairhofer最早提出了利用放射性同位素方法在单独钻孔内确定地下水流向(俗称“单孔定向”)的方法,并进行了一些室内外试验。随即许多国家开展了这方面的研究。有的还研制成同位素地下水流向仪,获得了实际应用。 自1973年以来,我院利用研制的NSD-A型地下水流向仪,作了测定地下水流速流向的室内试验,并在几个大中型重点险库现场试用,配合其他同位素示踪法观测资料,为水库大坝渗流安全分析与除险保坝加固工程提供了科学依据。     

稀土尾矿库周边地下水中稀土元素含量测定与分布规律的研究

现行的地下水监测方法中,常利用水溶性稀土元素的含量判断其生态效应,而吸附在固体颗粒物、胶体及微生物上的稀土元素在检测中往往被忽略。本实验采用不同孔径的滤膜对尾矿库周边地下水进行连续过滤,测定滤上物及滤液中稀土元素含量,并对其进行了归一化处理,进而分析地下水中稀土元素的分布模式。结果表明,0.45μm滤膜滤上物中稀土元素含量远高于0.45μm滤液中稀土元素含量。滤后水样中稀土元素含量随滤膜孔径减小而降低,其分布规律均表现为Ce负异常,Eu正异常,但水体中稀土元素与理化指标间的相关性发生了改变。说明经过不同孔径滤膜处理后,水体中稀土元素与固体颗粒物的络合性质发生改变。因此,只分析水溶性稀土元素含量来判断地下水中稀土元素生态效应是有失偏颇的。     

叶城县县城供水扩建工程地下取水论证与影响分析

介绍了叶城县县城供水扩建工程取水方案,以水源地所在的水文地质单元为分析范围,通过调查区内的地形、地貌特征,地层岩性及含水层空间分布与贮存条件,分析研究地下水的补给、径流、排泄条件,采用现场抽水试验计算探讨了地表水入渗给量和廊道出水量,用开采系数法和水平集水建筑物涌水量计算法计算可开采量,并对水质和取水影响进行了分析,阐...     

TEMPORAL AND SPATIAL DISCRETIZATION ON QUASI-3-D GROUNDWATER FINITE ELEMENT MODELLING TO AVOID SPURIOUS OSCILLATION

In this article, the finite element solution of quasi-three-dimensional (quasi-3-D) groundwater flow was mathematically analyzed. The research shows that the spurious oscillation solution to the Finite Element Model (FEM) is the results choosing the small time step ?t or the large element size L and using the non-diagonal storage matrix. The mechanism for this phenomenon is explained by the negative weighting factor of implicit part in the discretized equations. To avoid spurious oscillation solution, the criteria on the selection of ?t and L for quasi-3-D groundwater flow simulations were identified. An application example of quasi-3-D groundwater flow simulation was presented to verify the criteria. The results indicate that temporal discretization scale has significant impact on the spurious oscillations in the finite-element solutions, and the spurious oscillations can be avoided in solving practical quasi-3-D groundwater flow problems if the criteria are satisfied.     

Influence of Seepage Face Obliquity on Discharge of Groundwater and its Pollutant into Lake from A Typical Unconfined Aquifer

Lab experiment and mathematical simulation Modular three dimensional finite difference groundwater (MODFLOW) were performed in a soil tank to simulate the hydrogeochemical interaction between lake and typical unconfined aquifer. Results show that the velocity decreases exponentially with the transect distance on seepage face. The maximal velocity occurs at the top point of seepage face. The obliquity of seepage face has a great influence on the maximum and distribution of seepage velocity. With the increase of the obliquity of seepage face, the maximal velocity decreases quickly and the velocity distribution becomes much more even. Most of groundwater flow and pollutant flux discharges through a narrow portion near the top of seepage face. The flow and mass concentrated in the narrow portion increase with the decrease of the obliquity of seepage face. These will benefit to design a reasonable and economical scenario to manage lakeshore and to control the pollution of lake water near lakeshore.     

关于降雨产流机制的几个问题的讨论

本文就当前国内外关于产流机制研究中的几个问题进行了讨论，提出了一些新的见解．这些问题是：特殊包气带的产流机制，产流机制的统一和转化，基本产流模式，地形坡度。土层各向异性及非饱和侧向流的作用等．     

滹沱河平原地下水矿化度和硬度变化分析

地下水为石家庄市的主要供水水源。在开采时间增长和开采量增加的作用下,地下水位下降且形成常年性地下水降落漏斗。地下水位下降对地下水质量的影响程度,一直为人们所关注。通过分析20世纪90年代以来滹沱河平原典型农业开采区的地下水水质资料,得出矿化度和总硬度与地下水位埋深密切相关的结论。