Railcar reallocation optimization on water-rail network under uncertain busyness

Water-rail intermodal transportation can reduce cargo losses and transportation transferring costs. However, the imbalance between the capacity of the scheduled railway network and the large container freight demand greatly reduces operational efficiency. To minimize the total transportation cost and relocation cost, a railcar reallocation stochastic optimization model is formulated to deal with uncertain congestion in the railway network. To capture the uncertain busyness and queuing pattern, a hypercube spatial queue model is embedded in the optimization model by estimating the expected queue length and waiting time. To solve the proposed nonlinear nonconcave stochastic model, an approximate hypercube based iterative algorithm is proposed. A real-world case study is presented to show the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed method. The proposed model outperforms the comparable deterministic model in the objective value. Sensitivity analyses on the ratio of the unit waiting cost and the unit travel cost for empty cars, and the total number of freight cars show the robustness of the proposed method.     

Excavator 3D pose estimation using deep learning and hybrid datasets

Earthwork operations are crucial parts of most construction projects. Heavy construction equipment and workers are often required to work in limited workspaces simultaneously. Struck-by accidents resulting from poor worker and equipment interactions account for a large proportion of accidents and fatalities on construction sites. The emerging technologies based on computer vision and artificial intelligence offer an opportunity to enhance construction safety through advanced monitoring utilizing site cameras. A crucial pre-requisite to the development of safety monitoring applications is the ability to identify accurately and localize the position of the equipment and its critical components in 3D space. This study proposes a workflow for excavator 3D pose estimation based on deep learning using RGB images. In the proposed workflow, an articulated 3D digital twin of an excavator is used to generate the necessary data for training a 3D pose estimation model. In addition, a method for generating hybrid datasets (simulation and laboratory) for adapting the 3D pose estimation model for various scenarios with different camera parameters is proposed. Evaluations prove the capability of the workflow in estimating the 3D pose of excavators. The study concludes by discussing the limitations and future research opportunities.     

Passive infrared sensor dataset and deep learning models for device-free indoor localization and tracking

Location estimation or localization is one of the key components in IoT applications such as remote health monitoring and smart homes. Amongst device-free localization technologies, passive infrared (PIR) sensors are one of the promising options due to their low cost, low energy consumption, and good accuracy. However, most of the existing systems are complexly designed and difficult to deploy in real life, in addition, there is no public dataset available for researchers to benchmark their proposed localization and tracking methods. In this paper, we propose a system and a dataset collected from our PIR system consisting of commercial-of-the-shelf (COTS) sensors without any modification. Our dataset includes profile data of 36 classes that have over 1,000 samples of different walking directions and test data consisting of multiple scenarios with a sequence length of over 2,000 timesteps. To evaluate our system and dataset, we implement various deep learning methods such as CNN, RNN, and CNN–RNN. Our results prove the applicability and feasibility of our system and illustrate the viability of deep learning methods for PIR-based localization and tracking. We also show that our dataset can be converted for coordinate estimation so that deep learning methods and particle filter approaches can be applied to estimate coordinates. As a result, the best performer achieves a distance error of 0.25 m.     

基于准最小二乘法的光伏阵列模型鲁棒参数估计方法

光伏阵列的模型参数估计在光伏发电系统的仿真、输出功率预测、最大功率点跟踪等方面有重要意义。当测量数据中只含随机误差时,以加权最小二乘（WLS）为优化函数的参数估计方法有较好的辩识效果。但是当测量数据中含有显著误差时,WLS参数辩识的效果较差。为解决此问题,本文提出了一种以准加权最小二乘法（QWLS）为优化函数的参数估计方法来减小显著误差的影响,采用了赤池信息量准则(AIC)设计QWLS最优参数,将该方法应用于光伏阵列中构造模型鲁棒参数估计问题。最后将WLS和QWLS分别结合序列二次规划（SQP）算法,进行光伏阵列模型的参数估计仿真与实验测试。测试结果显示QWLS参数估计结果更准确,验证了准最小二乘法的鲁棒性与有效性。     

磁阻旋转变压器等效电路及原边反射误差分析

磁阻式旋转变压器因其结构简单和高可靠性,在新能源汽车主驱电机系统中已有越来越多的应用。在磁阻式旋转变压器的应用中,旋转变压器一般被考虑为一个变比可变的理想变压器,然后根据解码原理,分析解码误差。但是在实际应用中,旋转变压器的励磁、正余弦信号均需通过一定电路进行处理,旋转变压器自身在电路中的实际表现也会引入解码误差,这就需要我们对旋转变压器进行精确的建模,以分析其在电路中的实际负载效应。本文首先介绍了磁阻式旋转变压器的基本原理,然后详细分析了其励磁、信号绕组的自感、互感,并使用励磁绕组、信号绕组的自感、互感导出旋转变压器的等效电路,最后在此等效电路基础上分析旋转变压器与其接入的电路共同引起的解码误差,为旋转变压器的应用电路设计提供依据。     

基于流挖掘与切换电量的主动均衡算法研究

以端电压或荷电状态(SOC)为均衡标准的主动均衡算法,在均衡过程中由于难以准确反映单体之间绝对电量的差异,容易导致能量反复流动、降低均衡效率。针对该问题,提出了一种以单体切换电量作为均衡标准的主动均衡控制算法,该算法以单开关电容为核心构造主动均衡算法的硬件拓扑,利用流挖掘技术获取单体间切换电量的概要信息,通过均衡算法智能控制单体间均衡的顺序,进行不同脉冲信号周期、占空比、电容容量、均衡策略的仿真对比实验。结果表明,所提出的均衡算法能准确定位均衡单体、避免能量反复流动,有效地提高了主动均衡算法的运行效率。     

基于Conv1d-LSTM模型的能源分配预测

能源分配问题往往与其所在区域环境有关,能源分配的预测可以通过当地环境因素数据来推测之后对该区域的能源分配数值,最大程度上分配好能源. LSTM网络预测短期效果良好,但预测较长时期的数据会导致误差积累,速度慢且准确性差; Informer是近期新提出的能源预测算法模型,速度快但在该任务上预测能力不够.本文提出Conv1d-LSTM模型,预测结果优于上述两个模型,具有更低的平均绝对误差和均方根误差.     

基于改进小波变换的农村集体土地测绘图像高分辨率自适应重建方法

为提高农村集体土地测绘图像的分辨率,改进在重建图像的过程中发生的灰度偏移的情况,研究了基于改进小波变换的农村集体土地测绘图像高分辨率自适应重建方法。采集农村集体土地测绘图像,对差值处理后的测绘图像进行Haar小波变换,高分辨率重建测绘图像,校正图像灰度化偏移的同时保证重建测绘图像的质量;采用基于贝叶斯估计的自适应小波去噪方法,去除重建测绘图像噪声,使重建的高分辨率测绘图像更清晰。实验结果表明：PSNR值接近30dm,SSIM值接近1;不同噪声方差下,PSNR值最高。提高了重建测绘图像的清晰度和分辨率,得到高分辨率的农村集体土地测绘图像。     

Inverse-compensation-based DETC for nonlinear hysteresis system with disturbance

To control a nonlinear system with both hysteresis and disturbance, it is necessary to establish a hysteresis model and improve the disturbance rejection ability. However, the input signal implicitly involved in the classical hysteresis model can lead to difficulty in constructing a compensator. In this study, a hysteresis model in explicit form is proposed with a bounded auxiliary variable. Then, a model-based inverse is constructed for approximate compensation for the hysteresis. Moreover, the compensation error, which is considered a part of the disturbance, is proved to be bounded. Disturbance estimation triggered control (DETC) is utilized to address the compensation error coupled with the external disturbance. According to the disturbance effect indicator (DEI), DETC can improve the system control performance by considering the disturbance effect judgment. Experimental results are presented to illustrate the potential of the proposed technique.