堰塞体溃决离心模型试验供水系统关键技术研究

堰塞体溃决洪水洪峰流量及洪水时程曲线特征的预测是堰塞湖应急抢险及下游风险控制方案制订的重要依据。堰塞体溃决的离心模型试验,在研究堰塞体溃决机理、溃决过程及溃决洪水的历时曲线特征方面独具优势,但离心模型试验供水系统的设计,涉及到从外部静止状态到高速旋转状态的模型中连续供水,同时还要保证堰塞体溃决过程中上游水位为设定的常水头,是堰塞体溃决离心模型试验中的关键性的一大难题。本文围绕以上难题,设计了一种环形水箱以解决从静态到动态模型的连续供水问题,通过理论分析,确定了环形水箱中可提前注入的最大水量。另外在试验箱设置了竖井式溢流口,可以排出高出设定常水头的水体,保证了上游水位的稳定。通过以上设计有效地解决了供水系统中的关键难题,并在后续堰塞体溃决离心模型试验中得到了验证。     

小型无人机发动机温度监控系统设计

为了实时监控小型油动无人机的发动机工作温度,设计开发了基于K型热电偶的4路温度监控系统;该系统采用模拟开关CD4052作通道切换,选通的热电偶信号经放大调理,由STM32F103控制器片上A/D采集,经DS18B20数字温度传感器作冷端补偿,最终以Modbus RTU协议将温度值发送到485总线上;经调试校准,该温度监控系统在蚊子直升机MZ202型发动机正常工作温度范围内与原机温度仪表相差±3℃,数据刷新率大于2 Hz,且工作稳定抗干扰能力较强,为发动机调校提供了可靠的依据,有效地保障了发动机安全稳定运行;该温度监控系统也可用于Rotax582,Rotax912/914等小型活塞航空发动机缸头及排气温度的采集与监控。     

不同头型高速射弹垂直入水数值模拟

为研究不同射弹头型对高速射弹垂直入水的流体动力和流场特性的影响,采用有限体积法和VOF(volume of fluid)多相流模型,并引入动网格技术,对5种不同头型的轴对称高速射弹垂直入水过程进行了数值模拟,分析了头型对空泡形态演化过程、射弹流体动力及弹道特性的影响规律.研究结果表明,头型对射弹入水空泡形态、表面闭合时间以及入水阻力、深度、速度均有较大影响.球头与截球头空泡半径小于其余3种头型,表面闭合时刻依平头、球头、锥头、截锥头的顺序递增.射弹头部均承受较大压力,球头、截球头射弹头部压力分布不均使之承受较大的剪切力.射弹头部流线型越好,入水速度衰减越慢,入水深度增加越快.入水阻力系数峰值按平头、截球头、截锥头、锥头、球头的顺序递减.     

Influence of a high‐head dam as a dispersal barrier to fish community structure of the Upper Mississippi River

In river systems, high‐head dams may increase the distance‐decay of fish community similarity by creating nearly impermeable dispersal barriers to certain species from upstream reaches. Substantial evidence suggests that migratory species are impacted by dams, and most previous studies in stream/river networks have focused on small streams and headwaters. Here, we assess whether a high‐head dam (Lock and Dam 19; LD 19) on a large river, the Upper Mississippi River (UMR), substantially alters fish community structure relative to variability expected to occur independent of the dam's effect as a fish dispersal barrier. Using fish catch per unit effort data, we modelled the distance‐decay function for the UMR fish community and then estimated the similarity that would be expected to occur across LD19 and compared it with measured similarity. Measured similarity in the fish community above and below LD19 was close to the expected value based on the distance‐decay function, suggesting LD19 does not create an abrupt transition in the fish community. Although some migratory fish species no longer occur above LD19 (e.g., skipjack herring, Alosa chrysochloris), these species do not occur in high abundance below the dam and so do not drive variation in fish community structure. Instead, much of the variation in species structure is driven by the loss/gain of species across the latitudinal gradient. Lock and Dam 19 does not appear to be a clear transition point in the river's fish community, although it may function as a meaningful barrier for particular species (e.g., invasive species) and warrant future attention from a management perspective.     

一种基于深度信息的人头检测方法

针对目前人头检测方法对光线变化敏感和易受阴影干扰的问题,提出了一种基于深度图像的人头检测方法.首先通过运动目标检测,得到运动人员所在区域;然后对该区域使用改进的立体匹配算法,该匹配算法对传统的WTA匹配算法进行改进,只对强纹理点进行匹配,对弱纹理点只进行视差验证,并根据三角投影原理计算出深度图.由于深度图中人员与周围场景的深度分布不同,根据深度分布将人头区域提取出来,得到候选区域,最后将候选区域经过形态学运算并根据区域轮廓的特征来判断是否为人头.实验结果表明:该方法在不同光线环境条件下的检测正确率为94%以上,误检测率仅为5.77%,检测精度高,对光线和阴影的抗干扰性良好,能够很好地适应复杂环境.     

施工宽缝对整体式闸首底板的受力影响研究

鉴于整体式闸首底板在顺水流方向易出现裂缝,严重危害船闸的使用安全。本文提出的设置施工宽缝的施工方案可以有效改善整体式闸首底板开裂问题。首先运用ANSYS软件建立模型,对闸首结构进行有限元分析,进一步探索出施工宽缝对整体式闸首底板的应力与变形的影响,将应力计算结果转换成内力,最终研究出满足工程要求的最优合缝时间和设缝位置,从而为整体式船闸的施工提供参考。     

基于分簇的传感网虚拟MIMO协议

提出一种应用于无线传感网的新型分簇式虚拟MIMO协议。协议基于簇头轮换,避免大量重新分簇带来的拓扑维护开销,从而提高网络能量效率。在簇间路由中,提出一种新型的“跨跳”操作,以平衡网络中不同节点与簇的能耗和生命周期。仿真实验结果表明,该协议较现有的的虚拟MIMO在能耗总量和均衡上均具有更好的效果。     

Numerical simulation and optimization of the cylinder head water jacket based on the two-phase flow boiling heat transfer

Boiling heat transfer and the controllability of the thermal load of the cylinder head were studied. The thermodynamic phase change characteristics of the cylinder head coolant were considered and the mass, momentum and energy transfers between two phases were calculated with the interface transfer sub-models by using the computational fluid dynamics software CFX. Results showed that compared with the single-phase flow without considering the boiling heat transfer, the sub-cooled boiling heat transfer of the cylinder head was greatly increased. According to the results of the numerical simulation, an optimized structure of the water jacket was proposed. Finally, temperature and velocity of coolant, diameter of flow passage and mean bubble diameter that influences sub-cooled boiling were studied using the orthogonal experiment method.     

Head Orientation Stability of Underwater Snake-Like Robot Swimming

In prior research,the orientation of head of the snake-like robot is changed according to the sinusoidal wave. To solve this problem,we propose Central Pattern Generator( CPG)-based control scheme with head-controller to stabilize the head of the underwater snake-like robot. The advantage of the CPG-based control scheme with head-controller is that the head of the underwater snake-like robot is direct to the target orientation during swimming. The relation between CPG parameters and orientation stability of head is discussed.The adaptation of the proposed method to environment changes is tested. The influences of CPG parameters and hydrodynamic forces on the orientation offset of head are investigated. The target orientation( the input of headcontroller) with an experimental optimization is calculated through a convenient method. To prove the feasibility of the proposed methodology,the different swimming modes have been implemented in our simulation platform.The results show that the oscillation of head’s orientation is inhibited effectively,and the proposed method has strong adaptation to environment and CPG parameters changes.     

可调角度弯钻杆的研制

在处理井下事故特别是藏鱼头事故时,由于鱼头不居中,甚至贴在井径变化较大处,因此很难实施普通打捞。现场普遍采用可弯肘节和折弯钻杆的方式进行寻找落鱼,实施打捞,有可能多次折弯钻杆,造成浪费,甚至造成井下更复杂情况的发生。根据这一情况,设计了可调角度弯钻杆。可调角度弯钻杆由上接头、花键体、调整套、下接头等组成,通过调节调整套和花键体等机构,可实现弯钻杆0°-4°调节。已完成可调角度弯钻杆的样机制造,并在多口井中进行应用。结果表明,采用可调角度弯钻杆可有效实施藏鱼头打捞,井口调节方便,应用取得了成功;单井可节约近30万元。