LED充电台灯产品质量安全风险监测分析

近年来带锂离子电池的可移动式LED充电台灯引发爆炸、起火、燃烧等质量安全事件时有发生,为充分了解该类产品的质量状况,确保消费者的生命财产安全。本文选取了电商平台上销售的30批次样品进行试验、分析和评估,结果显示:样品存在标记缺失、结构不合格、耐热不合格、电池外部短路不合格等质量安全风险。依据国家相关的风险评估标准,将该类产品不同的监测项目应进行风险等级评划分,并针对风险等级程度对产品的质量提升要求提出了相关处置建议。     

大气生物气溶胶的源排放与源解析研究进展

2019年新冠肺炎(COVID-19)的全球爆发引起了公众对生物气溶胶的广泛关注。生物气溶胶是大气气溶胶的重要组成部分。生物气溶胶由于具有普通气溶胶的理化性质和本身特有的生物学特性,在全球生态系统、气候变化、空气质量和公共卫生等领域均扮演十分重要的角色。然而,目前学术界对生物气溶胶的研究主要集中在采样监测、消杀防护以及其环境与健康效应等方面,关于源特性研究相对滞后。基于此,聚焦大气中微生物的来源现状,综述了最近20年来生物气溶胶的自然源和人为源排放特性研究进展,并阐述了影响源排放和输送过程的主要因素(如生物地理区域、土地利用类型和环境因素等),探讨了当前生物气溶胶的各种源解析方法。最后,给出了生物气溶胶来源下一步的研究展望,以期为深入理解生物气溶胶的来源、输送与变化机理,更好地评估大气微生物污染水平与监控病原体的气溶胶传播提供参考。     

一种基于风险传播的信息系统风险评估方法

传统信息系统的风险评估方法未考虑节点的状态变化和风险的传播方向,且评估结果的准确性受专家主观性的影响,对此,提出了一种基于风险传播的信息系统风险评估方法.首先,确定节点的初始状态转移概率矩阵,并根据攻击属性对矩阵进行修正,得到节点状态转移概率;其次,基于系统风险传播网络拓扑图和节点属性值计算节点在各方向的传播概率;然后,利用三参数区间数方法获取节点威胁事件的量化值;最后,根据风险评估方法计算各节点的风险值.实验结果表明,基于风险传播方法的评估流程更客观、合理,可提高信息系统风险评估的整体性和准确性.     

基于数据融合的ABC-SVM社区疾病预测方法

针对现有社区医疗服务中的疾病预测方法存在数据利用率低、疾病分析类型单一、自动化程度差、疾病预测效果不理想等不足,提出在物联网大数据环境下可用于社区医疗的健康数据融合及疾病预测方法. 通过主成分分析(PCA)和聚类分析对社区中居民的生理指标数据进行特征提取;结合人工蜂群(ABC)算法构造支持向量机(SVM)非线性分类器对数据进行特征级融合分析并预测潜在疾病. 实验结果表明,所提方法的疾病识别准确率达到93.10%,相较于传统SVM方法和BP神经网络方法分别提高17.24% 和72.41%. 该方法能够在提高数据利用率、降低计算资源消耗的前提下有效识别多种潜在疾病,可实现疾病早发现、早预防、早治疗;可广泛应用于社区健康管理、老年社区监护甚至临床医疗.     

桥梁健康监测中损伤特征提取的小波包方法

针对桥梁健康监测中结构损伤识别的特点,从模式识别的角度提出和分析了损伤特征提取问题.阐述了基于小波包分析的两种节点能量特征提取的方法.为了研究小波包系数节点能量和小波包信号成分节点能量对损伤信息进行特征提取的差异,通过对随机荷载激励下的连续梁进行数值模拟,得到了结构未损和损伤状态下的加速度时程信号.应用小波包变换,对不同结构状态下的加速度信号分别提取了两种小波包节点能量特征,并对它们作为结构损伤特征指标的敏感性进行了比较.认为两种特征指标的敏感性相差很小,而小波包系数节点能量特征指标的计算效率更高,更适合桥梁健康监测中损伤特征提取的要求.     

电力工程企业引入第三方质量巡查机制的探讨

国内电力工程项目质量管理普遍存在项目多、资源少、监管难、风险大等问题,往往不能及时发现质量隐患、预防质量事故。文章立足于电力工程企业,从加强电力工程项目质量监管入手,比较传统质量巡查和第三方质量巡查两种模式,阐述引入第三方质量巡查机制的操作流程及注意事项,并结合实例分析第三方质量巡查机制的应用效果和在电力工程企业质量管理中的推广价值。     

西江流域压咸风险调度及其时空传递规律研究

枯水期珠江河口咸潮情势日益加重,径流不确定加剧了压咸风险,严重威胁沿线的供水安全。本文基于概率密度分布描述径流不确定性,构建了单源风险调度基本框架。以西江流域五座水库为研究对象,量化了预报误差与压咸风险的响应关系;揭示了压咸风险的时空传递规律;将压咸风险划分为3个等级;确定出各级风险越级传递的临界阈值。研究表明：随预报误差的增大,压咸风险提前且持续天数增加、风险率增大;压咸风险呈逐时段累积和从上游向下游、从支流向干流的时空传递规律;当预报误差超过±16%、±21%时,压咸风险从轻险越级至中险、中险越级至重险。研究成果对于西江流域压咸风险的调控和粤港澳大湾区的供水安全具有重要的应用价值。     

Well-Known and Novel Serum Biomarkers for Risk Stratification of Patients with Non-ischemic Dilated Cardiomyopathy

Non-ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy encompasses a wide spectrum of myocardial disorders, characterized by left ventricular dilatation with systolic impairment and increased risk of sudden cardiac death. In spite of all the therapeutic progress that has been made in recent years, dilated cardiomyopathy continues to be an important cause of cardiac transplant, being associated with an enormous cost burden for health care systems worldwide. Predicting the prognosis of patients with dilated cardiomyopathy is essential to individualize treatment. Late gadolinium enhancement-cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, microvolt T-wave alternans, and genetic testing have emerged as powerful tools in predicting sudden cardiac death occurrence and maximizing patient’s selection. Despite all these new diagnostic modalities, additional tests to complement or replace current tools are required for better risk stratification. Therefore, biomarkers are an easy and important tool that can help to detect patients at risk of adverse cardiovascular events. Additionally, identifying potential biomarkers involved in dilated cardiomyopathy can provide us important information regarding the diagnostic, prognostic, risk stratification, and response to treatment for these patients. Many potential biomarkers have been studied in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy, but only a few have been adopted in current practice. Therefore, the aim of our review is to provide the clinicians with an update on the well-known and novel biomarkers that can be useful for risk stratification of patients with non-ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy.     

The Causes and Potential Injurious Effects of Elevated Serum Leptin Levels in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients

Leptin is an adipokine that regulates appetite and body mass and has many other pleiotropic functions, including regulating kidney function. Increased evidence shows that chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with hyperleptinemia, but the reasons for this phenomenon are not fully understood. In this review, we focused on potential causes of hyperleptinemia in patients with CKD and the effects of elevated serum leptin levels on patient kidney function and cardiovascular risk. The available data indicate that the increased concentration of leptin in the blood of CKD patients may result from both decreased leptin elimination from the circulation by the kidneys (due to renal dysfunction) and increased leptin production by the adipose tissue. The overproduction of leptin by the adipose tissue could result from: (a) hyperinsulinemia; (b) chronic inflammation; and (c) significant lipid disturbances in CKD patients. Elevated leptin in CKD patients may further deteriorate kidney function and lead to increased cardiovascular risk.     

Current Perspectives on the Physiological Activities of Fermented Soybean-Derived Cheonggukjang

Cheonggukjang (CGJ, fermented soybean paste), a traditional Korean fermented dish, has recently emerged as a functional food that improves blood circulation and intestinal regulation. Considering that excessive consumption of refined salt is associated with increased incidence of gastric cancer, high blood pressure, and stroke in Koreans, consuming CGJ may be desirable, as it can be made without salt, unlike other pastes. Soybeans in CGJ are fermented by Bacillus strains (B. subtilis or B. licheniformis), Lactobacillus spp., Leuconostoc spp., and Enterococcus faecium, which weaken the activity of putrefactive bacteria in the intestines, act as antibacterial agents against pathogens, and facilitate the excretion of harmful substances. Studies on CGJ have either focused on improving product quality or evaluating the bioactive substances contained in CGJ. The fermentation process of CGJ results in the production of enzymes and various physiologically active substances that are not found in raw soybeans, including dietary fiber, phospholipids, isoflavones (e.g., genistein and daidzein), phenolic acids, saponins, trypsin inhibitors, and phytic acids. These components prevent atherosclerosis, oxidative stress-mediated heart disease and inflammation, obesity, diabetes, senile dementia, cancer (e.g., breast and lung), and osteoporosis. They have also been shown to have thrombolytic, blood pressure-lowering, lipid-lowering, antimutagenic, immunostimulatory, anti-allergic, antibacterial, anti-atopic dermatitis, anti-androgenetic alopecia, and anti-asthmatic activities, as well as skin improvement properties. In this review, we examined the physiological activities of CGJ and confirmed its potential as a functional food.