双子表面活性剂合成及在酒精废液处理中应用

合成了4种碳链长度的酯基阳离子双子表面活性剂,并作为絮凝剂对干法工艺处理的玉米酒精糟废液进行了絮凝处理实验。絮凝后对废液的透光率及COD进行了测定,考察了在不调节pH值及室温条件下与双子表面活性剂、淀粉阳离子、壳聚糖阳离子对比絮凝处理效果,双阳离子表面活性剂好于淀粉阳离子、壳聚糖阳离子的絮凝能力;同时考察了酯基阳离子双子表面活性剂碳链长度对絮凝效果的影响,碳链长度对COD去除率的高低顺序为C14>C16>C12>C10。实现了不用碱中和废液而直接进行絮凝处理的工艺改造。     

利用玉米秸秆制备高吸水树脂

将玉米秸秆预处理后与丙烯酸接枝共聚制备高吸水性树脂,采用单因素实验确定了合成条件中各因素的最佳水平:θ=45℃,引发剂中过硫酸钾用量为单体质量的0.8%,交联剂N,N-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺(MBAM)用量为单体质量的0.6%,m(AA)∶m(玉米秸秆)=8∶1,丙烯酸中和度为70%,t=4 h。对最佳条件下制备的树脂进行了性能测试,对秸秆预处理前后及产物进行了扫描电镜分析。结果表明,该树脂具有良好的吸水、保水性能,吸水率最高达到291 g.g-1,吸盐水率达到49 g.g-1。     

微粒群优化和区域生长结合的彩色图像分割算法

提出了一种微粒群优化和区域生长相结合的彩色图像分割算法,以彩色图像直方图中自适应搜索到的峰值作为像素种子。由于搜索像素种子点是按密度进行,计算量小,大幅度提高了算法的计算速度,同时克服了传统区域生长方法不能自动选择种子且容易导致过分割的局限性。实验表明：该方法提高了图像分割速度,并可以准确地分割出目标,是一种有效的图像分割方法。     

化学综合性实验的设计与探讨

根据我院综合与设计性实验的课程设置情况,提出玉米须黄酮、多糖的提取、鉴别与含量测定为主题开设的综合设计性实验,此实验的开出不仅可以提高学生在有机化学、分析化学、天然药物化学、药物分析等方面的综合实验技能,将理论与实践有机地结合起来,巩固了课堂所学的理论知识,同时还可以培养学生科研创新的意识并能很好的利用"废物"。     

Biodiesel development from high acid value polanga seed oil and performance evaluation in a CI engine

Non-edible filtered high viscous (72 cSt at 40 °C) and high acid value (44 mg KOH/gm) polanga (Calophyllum inophyllum L.) oil based mono esters (biodiesel) produced by triple stage transesterification process and blended with high speed diesel (HSD) were tested for their use as a substitute fuel of diesel in a single cylinder diesel engine. HSD and polanga oil methyl ester (POME) fuel blends (20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100%) were used for conducting the short-term engine performance tests at varying loads (0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100%). Tests were carried out over entire range of engine operation at varying conditions of speed and load. The brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) and brake thermal efficiency (BTE) were calculated from the recorded data. The engine performance parameters such as fuel consumption, thermal efficiency, exhaust gas temperature and exhaust emissions (CO, CO₂, HC, NO_x, and O₂) were recorded. The optimum engine operating condition based on lower brake specific fuel consumption and higher brake thermal efficiency was observed at 100% load for neat biodiesel. From emission point of view the neat POME was found to be the best fuel as it showed lesser exhaust emission as compared to HSD.     

Fractionation of transgenic corn for recovery of recombinant enzymes

Two germ-separation methods, dry-milling and density separation by flotation, were evaluated for recovering recombinant β-glucuronidase (rGUS) that accumulated primarily in the germ of transgenic corn. The dry-milling process consisted of (i) seed tempering, (ii) degerming with a horizontal-drum degermer/dehuller, (iii) particle size fractionation with standard sieves, (iv) germ and endosperm separation by roller milling and sifting, and (v) removal of hulls by aspiration. Sieves nos. 5, 6, and 7 retained the majority of germ, and subfractions from these sieves were pooled as a germ-rich fraction. Mass balances showed that the germ-rich fraction, which constituted 17% of the total dry-milled corn weight, contained 49% of rGUS activity and 64% of the total recoverable oil. Germ fractionation by flotation was tested as a proof-of-concept method aimed at separating corn fractions based on their difference in specific gravity (sp gr). The process consisted of impact-grinding of corn kernels followed by density separation using 1.15 or 1.3 specific gravity sodium nitrate solution. The oil-containing germ fraction floated, whereas the heavier endosperm fraction sedimented. The flotation method was simpler and resulted in higher enzyme recovery, that is, the germ-rich fraction was 20% (w/w) of the initial corn weight, and accounted for 80% of rGUS activity and 77% of total oil. The sodium nitrate solution did not have an adverse effect on the enzyme activity.     

Chinese melon (Momordica charantia L.) seed: Composition and potential use

Chinese melon (Momordica charantia L.), also known as bitter gourd, is a tropical crop, grown throughout Asian countries for use as food and medicinals. In 1993, four cultivars of Chinese melon were grown in Mississippi and the seeds were collected. Oil contents of the seeds ranged from 41 to 45% and the oils contained 63–68% eleostearic acid and 22–27% stearic acid. Industrially important tung oil, a “fast-drying oil” used in paints and varnishes, contains 90% eleostearic and 2–3% stearic acid. The ratio of stearic to eleostearic in Chinese melon seed oil is ten times greater than that in tung oil. The higher ratio should reduce the rate of drying and crosslinking and could be advantageous in the paint industry. The defatted meals contained 52–61% protein and would be a good source of methionine.     

辽宁省玉米水分生产率时空变化规律及影响因素

基于 2005- 2017 年辽宁省 14 个地级市玉米种植数据、灌溉用水量及气象数据等资料, 运用线性倾向估计及全局空间自相关分析等方法, 从不同地区、不同降水年型( 枯、平、丰) 角度出发, 分析不同玉米水分生产率指标的时空变化规律及其影响因素, 结果表明: 在时间尺度上, 全省玉米灌溉水分生产率多年平均值为 11 63 kg / m3 , 玉米水分生产率总体每 10 a 以 01 04 kg/ m3 的速率波动上升; 在空间尺度上, 全省玉米灌溉水分生产率均值呈现出西北 高、东南低的空间分异, 玉米水分生产率在枯水年( 2006) 和平水年( 2007) 总体均表现为东北高、西南低, 而丰水年 ( 2012) 则表现为西北高、东南低; 玉米单产量是影响各水分生产率指标最显著的因素。该研究成果可为提高辽宁省农业用水效率、缓解水资源压力提供一定参考。     

宁夏引黄灌区玉米喷灌技术模式集成与示范应用

根据宁夏黄羊滩农场喷灌工程的实践和技术应用研究,对喷灌工程水源建设技术、玉米耕作与栽培技术等6项技术模式进行了集成,对喷灌节水应用取得的经济、社会、生态效果进行了分析,提出进一步发挥大型喷灌机技术优势的建议.     

常压混合脱硅工艺生产种分精液

本文介绍了碳分、种分工艺对精液硅量指数A/S的不同要求,认为种分精液单独生产是很有必要的.本文从理论上分析了目前所应用的脱硅工艺,提出了一种常压生产种分精液的方法-常压混合脱硅工艺,并对某厂采用此工艺进行种分精液生产的情况进行了简单的介绍.