天津戏剧博物馆的建筑特色

会馆是同乡人在异乡修筑的聚会联络和办事的馆堂，兴起于唐代。天津会馆的兴起在清朝康熙年间。广东会馆是现存装修最精美，规模最大的一座，后成为全国第一家戏剧博物馆。天津广东会馆采用我国传统的砖木结构体系，融合了北方和南方建筑手法，瓦顶和墙体为北方风格，内檐和兴修又具广东潮州建筑的特色，为我国稀有的会馆建筑。会馆的装修，采用重点装饰的处理方法，以木雕为主，辅以砖、石雕刻，无一不精。广东会馆戏楼的伸出式舞台，符合各国现代剧场舞台设计家所追求的效果。     

The radical empiricism of William James and philosophy of history.

William James's philosophy of history is explored in his classic psychological and philosophical works and in 2 articles he devoted specifically to the topic. Historical issues are set forth in terms of James's individualism, pragmatism, and radical empiricism. It is argued that a Jamesian philosophy of history provides a reasoned and believable middle way between the extremes of realism and constructionism. James believed that historical change is brought about both by the contributions of individuals and by forces in cultures and the environment that help shape the direction of things. Finally, the author explores implications of James's pluralism for history and his quarrel with absolutistic conceptual schemes that attempt to reduce all things to 1 thing. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

北方城市回民街区整体环境与街区结构

基于特定的文化背景，可北方城市回收街区的整体环境，组成要素，街区结构有其品质进行了较全面深入的研究。在论文中隐含着一个重要的论点一特定的文化因素对街萄的结构开矿起到制导作用。     

Not yet human: Implicit knowledge, historical dehumanization, and contemporary consequences.

Historical representations explicitly depicting Blacks as apelike have largely disappeared in the United States, yet a mental association between Blacks and apes remains. Here, the authors demonstrate that U.S. citizens implicitly associate Blacks and apes. In a series of laboratory studies, the authors reveal how this association influences study participants' basic cognitive processes and significantly alters their judgments in criminal justice contexts. Specifically, this Black-ape association alters visual perception and attention, and it increases endorsement of violence against Black suspects. In an archival study of actual criminal cases, the authors show that news articles written about Blacks who are convicted of capital crimes are more likely to contain ape-relevant language than news articles written about White convicts. Moreover, those who are implicitly portrayed as more apelike in these articles are more likely to be executed by the state than those who are not. The authors argue that examining the subtle persistence of specific historical representations such as these may not only enhance contemporary research on dehumanization, stereotyping, and implicit processes but also highlight common forms of discrimination that previously have gone unrecognized. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Review of Essential papers on borderline disorders: One hundred years at the border.

Reviews the book, Essential papers on borderline disorders: One hundred years at the border by Michael H. Stone (1986). Despite the best intentions of this volume, the effort to integrate and unify 100 years of discussion and debate on the diffuse diagnosis of borderlines is truly Olympian in its scope. Stone is an American psychiatrist and psychoanalyst who has written extensively on the borderline patient, including The Borderline Syndromes (1980). In his writings over the past 15 years, including a 1977 selection in the present volume, Stone has advocated the bio-genetic hypothesis in the etiology of borderline disorders. Much of Stone's research has investigated hereditary links between borderline personality and affective disturbances, particularly bipolar disorder. Given this, it should not be too surprising that many of the readings he has selected, particularly those from the past 10 years, emphasize hereditary aspects of the borderline syndrome. Although anthologies often help us stand back and regain objectivity, they should also integrate and unify if they are to provide a springboard for further inquiry. Perhaps because of the multitude of approaches to the study of borderline phenomena, an overview which sought to be less comprehensive but more reliably defined might have given the reader a better sense of the gestalt of the field's history. Using Stone's own concluding remarks as an operational criterion, I also found myself asking whether this volume truly organizes or merely adds to the aforementioned clutter. The answer, I feel, is "on the border." (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Review of Constructive evolution: Origins and development of Piaget's thought.

Reviews the book, Constructive evolution: Origins and development of Piaget's thought by Michael Chapman (see record 1988-97990-000). Canadian developmental psychologists have been among the harshest critics, most articulate supporters, and most creative extenders of Piaget's theory. Michael Chapman's book is in this reflective and interpretive tradition. Chapman's primary goal in the book is neither to criticize, support, nor extend Piaget's theory (although he does some of each), but to clarify the meaning of the theory, and to specify its domain of application. Chapman does this by tracing the growth of Piaget's thinking using Piaget's autobiographical papers as a map. The first six chapters comprise Chapman's historical analysis, which begins with Piaget's adolescence, a point in life where Piaget was later to say that cognitive development ends (although he was to retract the claim still later in his career). In the last two chapters of the book, Chapman uses his historical analysis to clarify the philosophical and psychological significance of Piaget's theory. Chapman's book is an excellent integration of Piaget's theory in that it places the theory in the context of the questions that motivated it. But for all the clarity that Chapman's historical analysis brings to Piaget's thought, the analysis opens a number of new questions. What Chapman has done successfully is to provide a view of the nature, limits, and future of Piagetian theory by examining its origins and evolution. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

加快大型灌区节水改造增加粮食生产能力

保障粮食安全的根本措施是不断提高农业综合生产能力.大型灌区对于提高农业综合生产能力、增加粮食产量具有明显的优势.通过节水改造等措施,大型灌区尚有增产粮食的潜力.应加大对大型灌区等农业基础设施改造的投入,确保农业综合生产能力不断提高.     

Cultural variation: Considerations and implications.

Cultural systems vary widely across the world. Partly this is due to different cultures' occupying different ecological and environmental niches. But partly it is due to similar circumstances giving rise to multiple stable equilibriums, each with a distinct cultural form. Using insights and examples from various fields, this article illustrates the way that multiple equilibriums can emerge and the forces that push a culture toward one equilibrium point or another. Considerations of game theory principles, mutual interdependence, historical circumstance, dependence on initial conditions, and crucial choice points are highlighted in discussing the ways humans create and re-create their culture. Cultural traits develop within physical, social, intracultural, and intercultural niches, and implications of this for how culture might be studied and the benefits of combining an "equilibrium" perspective and a "meaning" perspective are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

宜昌城市文化建设的几点思考

宜昌市作为一座历史悠久的文化名城，其深厚的历史底蕴与外在特征的整体塑造，是树立城市形象及总体风格的根本，楚学文化，博大精深，楚学艺术，精妙绝伦，只有在研究楚文化，开发楚艺术的基础上，结合三峡式程文化，必可以大大提高宜昌市的文化品位和艺术魅力，铸造一座现代文明的新型城市。     

Phase Equilibria and Crystallography of Ceramic Oxides

Research in phase equilibria and crystallography has been a tradition in the Ceramics Division at National Bureau of Standards/National Institute of Standatrds and Technology (NBS/NIST) since the early thirties. In the early years, effort was concentrated in areas of Portland cement, ceramic glazes and glasses, instrument bearings, and battery materials. In the past 40 years, a large portion of the work was related to electronic materials, including ferroelectrics, piezoelectrics, ionic conductors, dielectrics, microwave dielectrics, and high-temperature superconductors. As a result of the phase equilibria studies, many new compounds have been discovered. Some of these discoveries have had a significant impact on US industry. Structure determinations of these new phases have often been carried out as a joint effort among NBS/NIST colleagues and also with outside collaborators using both single crystal and neutron and x-ray powder diffraction techniques. All phase equilibria diagrams were included in Phase Diagrams for Ceramists, which are collaborative publications between The American Ceramic Society (ACerS) and NBS/NIST. All x-ray powder diffraction patterns have been included in the Powder Diffraction File (PDF). This article gives a brief account of the history of the development of the phase equilibria and crystallographic research on ceramic oxides in the Ceramics Division. Represented systems, particularly electronic materials, are highlighted.