反射式离轴数字全息再现像中的噪声抑制

为了抑制反射式离轴数字全息再现像中的零级像和散斑噪声对再现像的影响,利用高斯核函数在空域对数字全息图进行低通滤波,再用原数字全息图减去滤波后的低频信息来抑制零级像,采用非局部均值滤波来抑制散斑噪声。实验结果表明空域高斯核函数处理法能有效地抑制零级像,非局部均值滤波可以抑制散斑噪声但对部分细节的保持能力不强,改进后的非局部均值滤波在抑制散斑噪声的同时能很好地保护细节信息,提高了离轴数字全息再现像的质量。     

Quantitative Imaging of the Magnetic Configuration of Modulated Nanostructures by Electron Holography

By means of off‐axis electron holography the local distribution of the magnetic induction within and around a poly‐crystalline Permalloy (Ni₈₁Fe₁₉) thin film is studied. In addition the stray field above the sample is measured by magnetic force microscopy on a larger area. The film is deposited on a periodically nanostructured (rippled) Si substrate, which was formed by Xe⁺ ion beam erosion. This introduces the periodical ripple shape to the Permalloy film. The created ripple morphology is expected to modify the magnetization distribution within the Permalloy and to induce dipolar stray fields. These stray fields play an important role in spinwave dynamics of periodic nanostructures like magnonic crystals. Micromagnetic simulations estimate those stray fields in the order of only 10 mT. Consequently, their experimental determination at nanometer spatial resolution is highly demanding and requires advanced acquisition and reconstruction techniques such as electron holography. The reconstructed magnetic phase images show the magnetized thin film, in which the magnetization direction follows mainly the given morphology. Furthermore, a closer look to the Permalloy/carbon interface reveals stray fields at the detection limit of the method in the order of 10 mT, which is in qualitative agreement with the micromagnetic simulations.     

中子全息术中孪生像消除模拟

在中子全息照相的记录过程中,参考波与物波近似沿同一方向传播至全息屏,并在重建时形成不可分离的原像和共轭像,在特定波长下,两者可能干涉相消,产生孪生像现象。受制于中子探测效率和单色器能量分辨率,目前中子全息成像中孪生像的消除技术尚未得到系统的理论和实验研究。本文采用数值方法对已成功应用于X射线全息孪生像消除的两种全息记录及重建技术展开模拟,讨论基于研究堆的中子全息成像技术实现孪生像消除的可行性,并从实验效率和重建质量出发,对单色器分辨率、波数记录间隔、波数记录范围等关键参数进行定量分析和优化选取。结果表明,在研究堆中子源相对较低的单色器分辨率和较窄的可选能区条件下,通过记录2~4个不同能点的全息图即可获取较理想的中子全息重建结果。     

压缩感知重建离轴菲涅耳全息图

针对基于传统数字全息重建算法对待测物体的不同纵向深度截面进行聚焦重构时,聚焦面物体会受到共轭像及背景离焦物体的干扰,本文提出基于压缩感知理论,构建单幅离轴菲涅耳数字全息图层析成像的算法框架。该方法通过自适应空间滤波技术对全息图进行处理,基于压缩感知理论重构不同纵向深度截面图像,并有效抑制背景离焦物体的干扰,最终达到层析成像的目标。计算机数值模拟以及三维待测物体实验结果表明该方法的有效性和可行性。     

全息方法制备嵌段式液晶弹性体

研究了热致收缩形变三嵌段式液晶(LC)弹性体薄膜的制备方法,分析和测试了薄膜的偏光特性和热致收缩率.采用全息曝光的方法一次性制备出具有栅状结构的热致液晶弹性体薄膜材料.在此基础上采用偏光显微镜(POM)、He-Ne激光器对弹性体薄膜的嵌段式栅状结构和偏光特性进行检测,并分析了薄膜弹性体偏光特性和液晶分子取向的关系,对该...     

Enhanced measurement capability of a digital particle holographic system for flow field measurements

To enhance the capability of digital particle holography as a tool for flow field measurements, several effective methods are developed. The correlation coefficient method was used to accurately locate the focal plane of particles and the optimal factors of this method were discussed. To remove noises and improve the quality of holograms and reconstructed images, the Wiener filter was adopted. The two-threshold and image segmentation methods were used to obtain high quality binary images from which we can get good results of particle extraction. Based on the above methods, an in-line digital particle holographic system was applied to channel flow field and the axial velocities of channel flow were measured. The feasibility of these methods is verified by quantitative measurement results which are in good agreement with the theoretical predictions.     

基于小波变换的硬拷贝全息水印

提出一种基于离散小波变换的硬拷贝数字全息水印方法。首先利用共轭对称延拓傅里叶计算全息生成水印全息图;然后对其进行小波分解,将包含全部水印信息的高频分量嵌入到载体图像小波分解的中频区域以实现信息隐藏。由于全息图的频谱可控性和不可撕毁性,本文全息水印方法具有很好的不可见性,可以实现水印盲提取,不仅能够抵抗剪切、噪声、滤波和...     

计算全息法获取高阶类贝塞尔光束的新设计

基于计算全息法（CGH）以及夫朗禾费衍射近似条件下的衍射理论,设计了获取各阶类贝塞尔空心光束的光栅,通过对光束在径向及其传播方向上的光强分布进行模拟分析,得到光场随着类贝塞尔光束的阶数、传播距离以及径向r的分布规律,得到的空心光束的暗斑尺寸、环状光束宽度和光束半径等表征空心光束特点的参数能更好满足光镊一光钳操作系统要求...     

基于支持向量回归外推的统计最优近场声全息研究

通过数值仿真方法,研究统计最优近场声全息中全息面孔径大小对重建精度影响。结果表明当全息面孔径大于重建面孔径2个采样间隔便能获得较高的重建精度,再继续增大全息面孔径也可以提高重建精度,但是趋势变缓。在此基础上,进一步提出了一种利用支持向量回归对全息面孔径进行外推的方法,在不增加测量孔径的前提下,可以通过数据外推增大全息面孔径,提高重建精度。对方形简支钢板辐射声场的仿真结果,验证了方法的有效性。     

基于矢量阵测量的局部近场全息技术研究

统计最优近场声全息技术是通过全息面上测量声压的线性叠加来反演重建面上的声学量,可以从理论上克服基于傅氏变换的近场声全息技术的局限性。针对水中圆柱体的噪声源识别问题,采用声压和质点振速测量来进行声全息计算,推导了基于振速测量的统计最优柱面近场声全息技术的重建公式。利用所编制的程序进行了仿真验证,最后设计矢量水听器进行水中全息实验,验证了该方法的可行性和准确性,实验结果表明,该技术在水中柱形声源辐射声场的噪声源识别和定位中有着明显的优势。