Strain Rate Effects on Dynamic Fractures in Fine‐grained Granitic Rock

The effect of dynamic strain rates on failure responses of a fine‐grained granitic rock is studied experimentally and theoretically. Theoretical investigation employs a model incorporating dynamic fracture criterion with damage mechanics theory. Experimental investigation is conducted using split Hopkinson pressure bar device. In order to investigate the effects of microstructure on dynamic fracture failure under different loading rates, fragment debris of each tested specimen is collected and analyzed. It is found through the debris analysis that the granitic rock breaks down into the fragment debris in grain size scales and the effect of strain rates on the formation of fragment debris appears to be related to the microstructure of the rock. It is also found that dynamic inertia induced by the dynamic loading can reduce the effect of friction confinement generated by the contact between the cylindrical specimen and two split Hopkinson pressure bars on the dynamic responses of the specimen. Theoretical evaluations agree with the corresponding experimental observations.     

Application of a hot-melt granulation process to enhance fenofibrate solid dose manufacturing

Evaluation of hot-melt granulation of fenofibrate and croscarmellose sodium and its cooling time for the molten mass in a ratio of 55:45 was conducted to assess the manufacturing process capability to produce an acceptable granulation which flows well on Korsch PH300 tablet compression machine. The formation of the drug-polymer eutectic mixture was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry, scanning electron microscopy and X-ray powder diffraction. The physical properties of the hot-melt was determined by examining the milled blocks after solidification and milling after cooling periods of 10, 20 and 30 d. The milled material was assessed for the effect of hold time of the blend on the solid dose compression characteristics. The impact of cooling on the processing of the blocks was assessed after 10, 20 and 30 d of cooling. The study suggests that after the hot-melt formed the fenofibrate crystallized independently and a solid solution with croscarmellose sodium was not formed. The age of the blocks determined the hardness of the crystals, changing the processing nature of the granules with respect to compression and powder flow characteristics. The blocks processed after 20 d and beyond produced granules with a characteristic suitable for holding the blend for 14 d in the bin with no impact on flow properties and compressibility of the blend. There was no chipping, capping, sticking or picking observed and a higher compression speed was achieved.     

Formulation design,in vitro characterizations and anti-malarial investigations of artemether and lumefantrine-entrapped solid lipid microparticles

Context: Poor aqueous solubility of artemether and lumefantrine makes it important to seek better ways of enhancing their oral delivery and bioavailability.

Objective: To formulate and carry out in vitro and anti-malarial pharmacodynamic evaluations of solidified reverse micellar solutions (SRMS)-based solid lipid microparticles (SLMs) of artemether and lumefantrine for oral delivery and improved bioavailability.

Materials and methods: Rational blends of Softisan^®154 and Phospholipon^®90H lipid matrices, and different concentrations of artemether and lumefantrine were used to formulate several batches of SLMs. Drug-free SLMs were also formulated. Morphology, particle size, encapsulation efficiency (EE%) and pH studies were performed. In vitro release studies were performed in alcoholic buffer, simulated gastric fluid (SGF) and simulated intestinal fluid (SIF) without enzymes. Anti-malarial pharmacodynamic studies were conducted in mice.

Results: Stable, smooth and spherical particles with sizes ranging from 4.2?±?0.02 to 9.3?±?0.8?µm were formed. EE% of 92.2–97.3% and 30.2–84.7% and pH of 3.0?±?0.02 to 4.9?±?0.12 and 3.0?±?0.02 to 5.8?±?0.05 were obtained for artemether and lumefantrine SLMs, respectively. Release of 100, 88.28 and 75.49%, as well as 63.26, 34.31 and 56.17% were recorded for artemether and lumefantrine in alcoholic buffer, SGF and SIF, respectively. Pharmacodynamic studies indicated very significant (p?Conclusion: Oral delivery and bioavailability of artemether and lumefantrine could be improved using SRMS-based SLMs.     

WC体积分数对WC_p/Fe复合材料组织及压缩性能的影响

为研究WC体积分数对WC_p/Fe复合材料组织、界面及压缩性能的影响,采用粉末烧结法制备了不同WC体积分数的WC_p/Fe复合材料。结果表明:在不同WC体积分数的WC_p/Fe复合材料中,WC颗粒发生了不同程度的溶解,其与基体间均呈冶金结合。随着WC体积分数的增加,WC_p/Fe复合材料的界面等效宽度呈现递减趋势,当WC体积分数为50%时,界面等效宽度最小,为39.8μm;复合材料的压缩强度呈先增大后减小趋势,当WC体积分数达到45%时,压缩强度达到最大值;复合材料的断裂方式由准解理断裂逐渐转向纯解理断裂,当WC体积分数达到50%时,WC_p/Fe复合材料的断裂方式为纯解理断裂。     

TC4预合金粉末模壳热等静压成型技术

对TC4预合金粉末进行模壳热等静压成型,并对成型构件的尺寸收缩、合金的微观组织、室温拉伸性能,以及合金/模壳界面微观结构进行了分析。结果表明:采用TC4预合金粉末模壳热等静压技术实现了构件的完整成形,合金致密度达到98%,粉末在致密化过程中,沿构件的长度及宽度方向收缩较少,沿厚度方向收缩较大,中心部位收缩率达到30%;成型得到的合金为细小均匀的网篮组织,片层周围分布少量等轴α相;合金塑性为铸造TC4合金的1.5倍以上,拉伸性能完全达到甚至超过锻件水平;粉末模壳热等静压工艺中,TC4合金与模壳之间无明显的界面反应,在构件表面存在10μm左右的疏松层。     

高强钢20MnTiB多工位冷镦变形行为EI北大核心CSCD

通过对高强螺栓多工位冷镦变形分区的金属流动、显微组织、力学性能及其变化规律进行分析,并采用Deform-3D数值模拟和实际产品成形相结合的方法,来研究高强材料的多工位冷镦变形行为。结果表明:多工位冷镦变形属于低动态变形;大、小变形区的宏观流线和显微组织有明显的"遗留性",而难变形区由于高强材料的"包辛格效应",铁素体由拉长的晶粒变成等轴晶粒,而珠光体的带状消失,组织"遗留性"最差;通过低动态多工位冷镦变形,20MnTiB高强钢微观组织中铁素体和珠光体均发生了形变强化,且硬度值的增幅相近。     

冷喷涂CoNiCrAlY涂层在Na_2SO_4熔盐中的热腐蚀行为

利用冷喷涂技术制备CoNiCrAlY涂层,并对涂层进行了真空预氧化处理。结合X射线衍射,扫描电镜,能谱分析等方法研究预氧化处理前后的CoNiCrAlY涂层在900℃的Na2SO4熔盐中的热腐蚀行为。结果表明:冷喷涂CoNiCrAlY涂层含氧量为0.12%(质量分数),孔隙率小于0.28%(体积分数)。真空预氧化处理在涂层表面生成厚约0.26μm连续、致密的α-Al_2O_3氧化膜;喷涂态涂层和预氧化涂层在热腐蚀150h后表面均生成了以α-Al_2O_3为主的致密连续氧化膜,保护了基体免受腐蚀破坏;真空预氧化处理有效减缓了S和O等元素向涂层内扩散的速率,从而提高了涂层的抗Na2SO4熔盐热腐蚀性能;高温热腐蚀对涂层的破坏作用远大于高温氧化。在相同温度下,涂层在单一Na2SO4熔盐中腐蚀时,Al的消耗速率约为高温氧化时的2倍。     

基于区域协作的Cache压缩

为提高Cache的有效容量,进行了Cache压缩研究,并提出了一种区域协作压缩(RCC)方法,以提升最后一级缓存的压缩率。与传统的Cache压缩算法不同,RCC方法利用了缓存区域的压缩局部性,使用缓存区域中第一个缓存块的字典信息来协作压缩缓存区域中的其他各个缓存块,而不需要对缓存区域进行整体压缩。RCC有效发掘了缓存区域内缓存块之间的数据冗余,实现了接近以缓存区域为压缩粒度的字典压缩的压缩率,然而压缩、解压缩延时却仍然和压缩单个缓存块时相当。实验结果表明,与单缓存块压缩算法C-PACK相比,RCC方法的压缩率平均提升了12.34%,系统的性能提升了5%。与2倍容量的非压缩Cache相比,有效容量提升了27%,系统性能提升了8.6%,而面积却减少了63.1%。     

镁合金焊接热裂纹的研究进展

镁合金具有很高的使用价值,在工程工业中得到了广泛应用。镁合金零部件的补焊工艺可以实现镁合金铸造缺陷的补救,加强镁合金的耐用性与安全性,减少不必要的浪费与安全隐患。但由于镁合金自身的焊接特性,在补焊过程中或焊补后常会形成热裂纹,严重影响镁合金使用性。结合近几年镁合金常见的补焊工艺,重点介绍了镁合金TIG焊、激光焊、搅拌摩擦焊和电阻点焊的补焊情况。同时,介绍了影响镁合金焊接热裂纹形成的因素。