房屋建筑工程施工通病的治理措施

随着城市化进程的加快,房屋建筑技术得到了快速的发展。然而在房屋建筑工程中出现了许多的质量问题,这就使得越来越多的人开始重视房屋建筑工程的施工质量。本文主要从工程设计、施工以及管理方面,来对房屋建筑中出现的质量问题进行分析。     

试析房屋建筑混凝土施工质量的控制

随着城市建设脚步的加快,房屋建筑的数量也在日益增加。为了很好的保证房屋建筑的质量,笔者从混凝土施工的角度出发,从混凝土的设计构造要求、施工工艺、混凝土运输、混凝土拆除与养护等方面分析,如何加强混凝土施工质量控制。     

刍议房建大体积混凝土施工技术

针对现在的房屋建设而言,其施工技术日趋进步,而大体积混凝土的施工技术是极其重要的部分。本文主要从大体积混凝土施工技术的主要工艺以及配比设计等方面的施工控制入手,进行了研究分析,以此提高施工技术的应用措施。     

房屋建筑节能施工技术的探讨

随着经济的发展、时代的进步,城市建设规模不断扩大。建筑耗能十分严重,为国家和社会带来了能源、资源负担,同时,也影响了企业的经济效益。减少建筑能耗,提高资源、能源的利用效率,为国家和社会节省更多的能源资源,已经成为建筑企业所面临的一大挑战。     

追求和谐与舒适的绿色保障性住房--深圳市龙悦居保障性住房绿色建筑实践

龙悦居一期和二期位于深圳市龙华扩展区。项目以“追求和谐与舒适”为设计目标,采用绿色设计、咨询一体化的设计思想,将低投高效的绿色建筑技术与建筑有机结合,控制投资,达到高标准的绿色人居环境质量。通过项目的设计、优化和建设,提出一套适合南方地区的保障性住房的绿色建筑技术体系,将绿色建筑带给大众。     

Defects in offsite construction: timber module prefabrication

The construction industry is based on craftsmanship. Quality control and assurance procedures applied in manufacturing cannot usually be readily applied in construction, where there are higher degrees of uniqueness in each project. One category of companies, industrialized housebuilders, is attempting to bridge some of the gaps between construction and manufacturing. These companies prefabricate building modules for later assembly at the building site. Since they are wholly responsible for large parts of the building process, these companies have greater opportunities to control and improve quality in a more consistent way than ordinary construction companies. Thus, it could be hypothesized that the frequency and severity of defects should be lower in industrialized housing than in ordinary construction. The aim of the study presented here is to examine this hypothesis by measuring and characterizing defects in industrialized housing. The design and manufacturing processes at two Swedish timber module prefabrication firms has been analysed through interviews, site visits and document reviews. Quality audits from three phases of the building process were compiled, analysed and categorized to provide statistical measures of defects in industrialized housing. The results show that the case study companies are better in terms of product quality than conventional housing.     

Selection of funding schemes by a borrowing decision model: a Hong Kong case study

In financial decision‐making, a number of mathematical models have been developed for financial management in construction. However, optimizing both qualitative and quantitative factors and the semi‐structured nature of construction finance optimization problems are key challenges in solving construction finance decisions. The selection of funding schemes by a modified construction loan acquisition model is solved by an adaptive genetic algorithm (AGA) approach. The basic objectives of the model are to optimize the loan and to minimize the interest payments for all projects. Multiple projects being undertaken by a medium‐size construction firm in Hong Kong were used as a real case study to demonstrate the application of the model to the borrowing decision problems. A compromise monthly borrowing schedule was finally achieved. The results indicate that Small and Medium Enterprise (SME) Loan Guarantee Scheme (SGS) was first identified as the source of external financing. Selection of sources of funding can then be made to avoid the possibility of financial problems in the firm by classifying qualitative factors into external, interactive and internal types and taking additional qualitative factors including sovereignty, credit ability and networking into consideration. Thus a more accurate, objective and reliable borrowing decision can be provided for the decision‐maker to analyse the financial options.     

Innovation in Homebuilding and the Future of Housing

Problem: The future of housing depends in part on innovation by homebuilders. Planners should know how to influence innovation in homebuilding in order to promote innovative practices that conserve the environment, improve quality, and reduce costs.

Purpose: This article explains challenges involved in innovation in home building, as well as providing planners with strategies to influence innovation in the industry.

Methods: I review the literature and identify sources of resistance to or acceptance of innovation in home building. I also report the results of two national surveys of innovation adoption and use regression analysis to test variables likely to inhibit or promote innovation.

Results and conclusions: Small builders receptive to innovation are likely to be led by a technology champion and to build custom homes for a relatively affluent and informed clientele. These firms provide a likely audience for technology innovations that require more upfront investment, as with some green building products, but can be marketed as highly innovative to homebuyers interested in higher performance in energy efficiency, sustainability or durability. In order to impact a larger portion of the housing market, large production builders should be the target for innovations that contribute to affordability in entry-level homes or to energy efficiency, sustainability and durability in higher priced houses.

Takeaway for practice: Planners aiming to encourage innovation in homebuilding should craft strategies that recognize the opportunities, the structure of the industry, and the factors influencing innovation adoption. Local builders with owners who champion innovation are good targets for demonstration programs that involve custom homes. Larger production builders will want strategies that can be replicated in multiple market areas, and are likely to avoid localities whose codes and regulations would require them to change their production models.

Research support: This research was partially funded by the U. S. Department of Housing and Urban Development under the Partnership to Advance Technology in Housing (PATH) program.     

Dynamics of urban and rural housing stocks in China

The massive migration flows from rural to urban areas in China, combined with an expected decline in the total population over the next decades, leads to two important challenges for China's housing: the growth of its urban housing stock and the shrinkage of rural housing. The rural and urban housing systems in China were analyzed using a dynamic material flow analysis model for the period 1900–2100 for several scenarios assuming different development paths for population, urbanization, housing demand per capita, and building lifetime. The simulation results indicate that new housing construction is likely to decline for several decades due to the fast growth over the past 30 years and the expected increased longevity of dwellings. Such an oscillation of new construction activity would have significant implications for the construction industry, employment, raw material demand, and greenhouse gas emissions to produce the construction materials. Policy and practical options for mitigating the negative impacts are considered.

Les flux migratoires massifs des zones rurales vers les zones urbaines en Chine, conjugués à un déclin prévu de la population totale au cours des prochaines décennies, entraînent deux défis importants pour le logement en Chine : la croissance de son parc de logements urbains et la diminution des logements ruraux. Les systèmes de logements ruraux et urbains en Chine ont été analysés en utilisant un modèle d'analyse dynamique des flux de matériaux sur la période 1900-2100 appliqué à plusieurs scénarios supposant différentes voies de développement concernant la population, l'urbanisation, la demande de logements par habitant et la durée de vie des bâtiments. Les résultats de la simulation indiquent qu'il est probable que la construction de logements neufs diminuera pendant plusieurs décennies en raison de la croissance rapide des 30 dernières années et de l'accroissement prévu de la durée de vie des logements. Une telle oscillation de l'activité de construction de logements neufs aurait d'importantes implications pour l'industrie du bâtiment, l'emploi, la demande en matières premières et les émissions de gaz à effet de serre résultant de la production des matériaux de construction. Les choix politiques et pratiques qui permettraient d'en atténuer les effets négatifs sont envisagés.

Mots clés: parcs de bâtiments, demande de constructions neuves, analyse dynamique des flux de matériaux, parc de logements, durée de vie, tendances, urbanisation, Chine     

Inclusionary zoning and affordable housing in Sydney

Abstract

Focus in this paper is placed on the issue of inclusionary zoning and developer contributions to provide affordable housing in the City West and Green Square urban redevelopment projects. Both are ambitious inner city urban renewal projects which form key parts of the New South Wales government's urban consolidation policy and also seek to maintain a social mix through the provision of social (i.e. affordable) housing.