液化石油气储罐火灾模拟试验——池火灾环境下

液化石油气储罐在火灾作用下，其内部的温度和压力会迅速上升，从而可能引起储罐爆炸，进而酿成危害性更大的二次灾害。为此，对液化石油气储罐在池火灾环境下的热响应情况进行了大量的模拟试验研究。研究发现，储罐在池火灾作用下存在着明显的热分层，热分层加速了储罐内部压力升高的速度；储罐内部温度分布和压力响应受到储罐类型、充装水平等因素的影响，压力随时间的变化关系可以用三次多项式加以拟合。     

Use of Response Surface Methodology to Investigate the Effectiveness of Commercial Enzymes on Buckwheat Malt for Brewing Purposes

The influence of two factors, total concentration and fraction of three pairs of commercial enzymes, which showed statistical significance (Biocellulase W with Hitempase 2XL, Biocellulase W with Amylo 300 and Amylo 300 with Hitempase 2XL), were studied for their overall effect on buckwheat wort quality using response surface methodology (RSM). This study revealed that the addition of increasing levels of Hitempase 2XL to the buckwheat mash increased colour, extract levels, wort filtration, fermentability and total fermentable extract (TFE), along with decreasing viscosity values. Results also determined a high level of fermentability when an enzyme combination of 30% Biocellulase and 70% Hitempase was added to the mash. The addition of increasing levels of Amylo 300 to buckwheat mashes resulted in increases in fermentability and total fermentable extract (TFE), along with increases in total soluble nitrogen (TSN), free amino nitrogen (FAN) and Kolbach index (KI). With regard to the proposed optimal regime, although no synergistic effect was found when the three enzymes were used together, the optimum conditions for the production of buckwheat wort with lowest viscosity, highest extract and optimal fermentability were achieved using a joint model. Overall, the findings of this study demonstrate the feasibility of producing wort suitable for the brewing of gluten‐free beer from 100% malted buckwheat with careful optimisation of enzyme types and dosage levels.     

Effect of Calcium Lactate, 4-Hexyl Resorcinol and Vacuum Packing on Physico-chemical, Sensory and Microbiological Qualities of Minimally Processed Litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.)

Litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) fruits are very susceptible to pericarp browning which adversely affects consumer acceptability even though the aril portion remains in excellent condition. Litchi arils (litchis) were treated with a solution containing 0–2% (w/v) calcium lactate (CL), 0–0.02% (w/v) 4‐hexyl resorcinol (4‐HR) and 1% potassium sorbate. The pH of solution was adjusted to 4.0 with citric acid. Treated litchis were packed in polystyrene trays, over‐wrapped with polypropylene film, vacuum‐packed (0, 47409.3, 94831.9 Pa) and stored at 4 ± 2 °C. Drip losses, pH, total soluble solids (TSS), sensory attributes and microbiological quality of stored samples were estimated. A four‐factor, three‐level experimental design (D₆ Hokes design) with 19 experiments was chosen. Mathematical models were developed to analyse and predict the effect of CL, 4‐HR, in‐package vacuum and storage time on the responses. TSS, pH and sensory scores decreased significantly (P 0.01), whereas drip losses and microbial count increased significantly (P 0.01) with time. Drip loss was significantly (P 0.1) reduced by addition of CL. 4‐HR prevented browning and changes in colour score during storage were significantly less. Vacuum in packages exerted significant (P 0.01) effect over pH, TSS, sensory and microbiological qualities of minimally processed litchis.     

铅酸蓄电池的清洁生产

就中国铅酸蓄电池工业的可持续性发展与清洁生产问题进行了初步探讨,并就蓄电池正负极板水洗的清洁生产实例进行了介绍。     

Emulsifying Capacity and Emulsion Stability of Soy Proteins Compared with Corn Germ Protein Flour

Both emulsifying capacity (EC) and emulsion stability (ES) increased with increasing concentrations from 0.4% to 0.8% of soy flour (SF), soy concentrate (SC), soy isolate (SI) and corn germ protein flour (CGPF) when studied by response surface methodology. EC and ES increased as pH increased from 6 to 8 in all samples. Increasing incubation temperatures of protein solutions from 20–70°C or from 4–20°C did not affect EC or ES, respectively. SF had the highest EC, followd by SI, SC, and CGPF.     

钢筋混凝土框架-剪力墙结构在强震作用下的非线性分析——Ⅱ、程序及算例

运用文献[1]所介绍的分析原理与方法,编制了强震作用下钢筋混凝土框架-剪力墙结构非线性地震反应时程分析的程序。本文介绍该程序的功能、框图,以及利用该程序计算所得到的几栋钢筋混凝土结构的非线性地震反应分析结果。算例表明,本程序计算结果可靠,能很好地用于解释震害和预测地震时结构可能发生的破坏。     

A Working Memory Workout: How to Expand the Focus of Serial Attention From One to Four Items in 10 Hours or Less.

Five individuals participated in an extensive practice study (10 1-hr sessions, 11,000 trials total) on a self-paced identity-judgment n-back task (n ranging from 1 to 5). Within Session 1, response time increased abruptly by about 300 ms in passing from n = 1 to n > 1, suggesting that the focus of attention can accommodate only a single item (H. Caravan, 1998; B. McElree, 2001). Within Session 10, response time was dramatically reduced and increased linearly with n for n ≤ 4, with a slope of about 30 ms. The data suggest that working memory consists of a focus of attention governed by a limited-capacity search, expandable through practice, and a content-addressable region outside the focus of attention. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Susceptibility of Listeria monocytogenes strains to disinfectants and chlorinated alkaline cleaners at cold temperatures

Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC), suspension and biofilm tests were used in evaluating the disinfecting efficacy of eight commercially available disinfectants and four chlorinated alkaline cleaners against 10 strains of Listeria monocytogenes at refrigerated temperatures. The adaptive response and cross-adaptation of L. monocytogenes to the disinfectants and chlorinated alkaline cleaners were investigated. The bactericidal components in the agents used were chlorine, quaternary ammonium compound (QAC), peracetic acid, ethanol and isopropanol. With some exceptions the disinfectants were efficient against the L. monocytogenes strains. One alkaline hypochlorite containing disinfectant was not efficient in the suspension and MIC tests at the lowest concentration recommended by the manufacturer. The chlorinated alkaline cleaners were effective against L. monocytogenes. A QAC-based disinfectant was found to be the least-effective agent on both glass bead-blasted polyethylene and stainless-steel surfaces. Adaptive and cross-adaptive responses of L. monocytogenes strains were observed towards the QAC-based agent, but over 2-fold increases to other agents were not observed. These results suggest that the adaptive responses of L. monocytogenes to disinfectants or chlorinated alkaline cleaners are of a minor concern.     

空气井测井响应现象分析与探讨

空气钻井作为一种新的钻井技术已在四川油田川东地区的zbl井首次投入使用。2003年2月1日，四川测井公司数控分公司对该井进行了测井施工作业，采集了合格的井径、自然伽马、补偿声波、补偿中子、补偿密度和深浅双侧向资料。针对空气井测井中出现的现象进行了分析与探讨，旨在为今后空气井测井系列的选择与解释奠定基础。     

Characterization of temporal response, spectral responsivity and its spatial uniformity in photoconductive diamond detectors

Three photoconductive diamond detectors with highly oriented diamond (HOD) films fabricated by the same process were characterized with respect to temporal response, spectral responsivity and its spatial uniformity over the wavelength range from 190 to 250 nm. Temporal measurements showed a drift in the baseline, suggesting the presence of deep level carrier traps. The responsivity of specimen No. 2 was more than twice those of the other two specimens, but it showed an unpredictable current fluctuation. It was found that the spatial uniformities of all the specimens were too low for radiometric purposes. A prominent peak, thought to be due to photoemission, was found in the responsivity spatial distribution of specimen No. 3 under a negative applied voltage.