Thermodynamic parameters of amitriptyline hydrochloride–additives at cloud point: effects of the ethanol–water mixed media

Abstract

Addition of organic solvents is known to change the properties of amphiphiles through modification of bulk phase. Amitriptyline hydrochloride (AMT) is a tricyclic amphiphilic drug which is usually used as an antidepressant. In drug delivery, the cloud point (CP) of the drug is an important parameter. This article discusses the effects of ethanol–water (EtOH–WR) compositions on the energetic parameters, such as changes in Gibbs energy of clouding (Δ_sG⁰), enthalpy of clouding (Δ_sH⁰), and entropy of clouding (TΔ_sS⁰) of AMT-additive systems. Monovalent alkali halide salts, cationic conventional surfactants, and gemini surfactants were used as additives in the EtOH–WR mixed media whose compositions were varied between 0 and 15% (w/w). The Δ_sG⁰ values are positive for all the additives and the values decrease with the rise in mole fractions of the additives. The Δ_sH⁰ and TΔ_sS⁰ were noted to be positive except for KF in 15% EtOH–WR mixed media.     

马来酸三乙醇胺酯对水泥水化的影响

为克服三乙醇胺早强剂对水泥抗折强度和后期强度的影响,合成了马来酸三乙醇胺酯,并通过背散射电子成像(BSE)和BET分析,研究了马来酸三乙醇胺酯对水泥水化程度、C-S-H含量和水泥水化28 d分形维数的影响。结果表明:马来酸三乙醇胺酯可促进水泥水化尤其是水泥中硅酸盐相的水化;复掺马来酸三乙醇胺酯和聚羧酸减水剂,可显著提高水泥水化产物中C-S-H的含量;三乙醇胺降低了水泥石28 d的分形维数,马来酸三乙醇胺酯单掺及与聚羧酸减水剂复掺则使水泥石28 d的分形维数提高。由此可见,马来酸三乙醇胺酯作为增强型水泥早强剂具有广阔的应用前景。     

Evolution of elastic behavior of alite paste at early hydration stages

Elastic behavior is an important aspect of fresh cement-based materials. In this paper, the elasticity development of fresh pure alite paste within 5 hours was monitored in situ by small amplitude oscillation shear. Isothermal microcalorimetry, X-ray diffraction, scanning electronic microscopy, ¹H nuclear magnetic resonance, zeta potential measurements were used to investigate the underlying mechanisms. It was found that the evolution of storage modulus can be characterized by three different stages. The first stage stems from the compression of electrical double layer and the slight increase of solid volume fraction; the second stage is only controlled by the colloidal interaction; and the third stage is associated to the significant growth of solid volume fraction, the enhancement of short-range attraction and the rigidification of calcium silicate hydrate (CSH) network. Moreover, the relationship between the formation of CSH and the growth of elasticity was also quantified.     

环己烯水合生产精己二酸提质提量的研究

为提高己二酸生产负荷和产品质量,在对环己醇与硝酸反应机理进行研究的基础上,发现环己烯水合生成环己醇、环己醇与硝酸反应生成己二酸的氧化反应产生的热量及NOx气量较大,制约了氧化反应负荷的提升。通过调整NOx总管压力以及吸收塔吸收液输送阀自控条件,提高氧化反应的空气补入量,同时稳定输送吸收塔吸收液,实现了己二酸装置高负荷连续运行。另外,通过增加原料过滤设施,控制己二酸中丁二酸、戊二酸含量等措施,提高了己二酸产品质量。     

添加两种不同工艺合成的HAP对磷酸钙骨水泥胶凝性能的影响

在α-TCP/TTCP系磷酸钙骨水泥中分别添加化学沉淀反应合成的低结晶度羟基磷灰石(HAP)及采用高温固相反应法制备的高结晶度HAP,探讨这两种晶体对磷酸钙骨水泥胶凝性能的影响.结果表明:低结晶度的HAP粉末可以起到晶核作用,降低核化势垒使水化反应速度加快,凝结时间缩短,但由于水化产物从饱和溶液中析出太快、太细,晶体发育不完整,易通过溶解再结晶使抗压强度有所下降.高结晶度的HAP会使水化反应速度减慢,凝固时间延长,相当于"骨料"存在于水泥基体中而使抗压强度有所提高.     

矿物掺合料对蒸养水泥净浆性能的影响

研究了蒸养条件下粉煤灰、矿渣的掺量对水泥净浆化学结合水量和抗压强度的影响,揭示了矿物掺合料对蒸养水泥净浆水化性能和力学性能的影响。试验结果表明,与标准养护相比,蒸汽养护更有利于激发粉煤灰和矿渣的火山灰活性,促进水泥的早期水化,提高水泥浆体的早期强度;但无论是蒸汽养护还是标准养护,随着矿物掺合料掺量的增加,复合胶凝材料的水化性能和力学性能明显减弱,因此矿物掺合料掺量不宜太大。     

On the Modification of Hydration Resistance of CaO with ZrO2 Additive

Various ZrO₂/CaO samples were fabricated by cold isostatic pressing and sintered at 1750°C for 4 h. It was observed that the sample with 12% ZrO₂ additive possessed the good hydration resistance and had the lowest apparent porosity of about 0.75%; its weight additive stored after 56 days was less than 0.6 wt%, and it contributed to the occurrence of CaZrO₃ on the surface of CaO. The CaO crucible with 12 mol% ZrO₂ additive did not react with titanium melt during melting TiNi alloy. This provides a support for searching a new refractory with the good hydration resistance for induction melting titanium alloys.     

大体积混凝土基础承台温度裂缝控制

以某高层核心筒大体积混凝土承台为例，从混凝土配合比和温控措施等方面介绍了控制大体积混凝土温度裂缝的一些技术方法，通过实践证明所用措施得当，有效的预防了大体积混凝土中温度裂缝的产生。     

大体积混凝土施工的监理实践

本文结合厦门和平里酒店工程基础施工的监理过程,介绍在大体积混凝土施工的监理工作中所采取的预控措施和质量控制方法     

磨细粉煤灰粉磨制度对其水化行为和强度的影响分析

对不同粉磨制度下得到的磨细粉煤灰进行性能表征,并使用磨细粉煤灰制备水泥浆体,进行强度测试和水化产物物相分析。研究结果表明:设有分选系统的立磨制备的磨细粉煤灰粒度更小,而试验室球磨机在粉磨过程中更多球形颗粒被破坏,更易激发出其火山灰活性,增强其在水泥浆体中的水化程度,从而表现出更高的强度。