严寒地区大型倒虹吸工程管道应力及水力安全控制

新疆北疆供水工程跨越吉拉沟大洼槽的三个泉倒虹吸,跨度11 km,内径2.8 m,工作水头160m,是国内外同类工程中综合难度较高的大型倒虹吸工程,在结构强度、材料工艺、安装敷设、工程质量方面都有极高的要求,特别是高水头管道运行、充水、放空、水锤防护等各种工况下的水力安全控制问题,高温差与严寒条件下管道的应力应变问题尤为突出。对该工程设计、科研、施工及运行管理方面的经验进行介绍,对其在新技术、新材料、新工艺等方面取得的理论研究和技术创新成果进行总结,研究认为:工程总体布置合理,工程运行后监测资料及工程安全评价表明各项性状指标良好,通过模型试验研究确定的闸门开度、关闭速率、充水排气、放空排水等水力安全控制关键技术科学合理,为严寒地区大型倒虹吸工程的技术发展提供借鉴。     

向家坝右岸电站水轮机低水位运行性能预测分析

以向家坝右岸电站水轮发电机组模型试验数据为基础,对其在初期低水位状态下运行的水力特性进行了初步预测,并通过低水位下水轮机实际运行试验数据与模型试验预测结果的对比分析,验证了模型试验预测的准确性,可以作为向家坝右岸水轮发电机组在蓄水初期低水位下运行情况的初步参考依据。     

阿尔塔什水利枢纽工程深厚砂砾石覆盖层混凝土防渗墙施工技术研究

阿尔塔什水利枢纽工程是我国在建面板堆石坝工程之一,其深厚的砂砾石覆盖层和庞大的坝体,在施工和运行过程中均会对防渗墙的应力应变产生较大的影响,处理不好直接会影响到大坝整体防渗效果和工程安全。如何在保证施工质量的前提下,优化施工方案,改善防渗墙应力状况,是施工技术研究重点。通过对防渗墙的受力特性、深厚覆盖层的工程特性分析和研究,从防渗墙成墙槽段划分、墙段连接技术、强漏失地层成槽技术和固壁泥浆配比等关键技术上进行优化和改进,有效的消减了防渗墙在坝体填筑和蓄水过程中的应力应变集中,保证防渗墙的成墙质量和运行效果。     

泄水建筑物下游冲刷坑二维数值模拟

对巨亭水电站泄水建筑物下游局部冲刷过程进行了二维数值模拟。采用RNG k-ε湍流模型封闭N-S方程、有限体积法在计算网格上离散求解、VOF方法追踪自由水面;采用C语言编写用户自定义函数,以泥沙起动切应力作为床面泥沙起动判别标准,通过分析比较水流剪切力与泥沙起动切应力大小,用以控制冲刷坑底部边界变化;采用局部重构模型和弹簧光顺模型更新计算区域和网格质量,藉以模拟和追踪局部冲刷坑边界变化。研究表明,模拟结果与实测资料符合良好。在冲刷坑的冲刷过程中,床面剪切应力随着冲刷的进程急剧减小,湍动能随着冲刷的进程减小缓慢;床面剪切应力和湍动能沿程变化均较为剧烈,床面剪切应力沿程先增大后减小,床面湍动能则沿程减小。冲刷坑的纵向平衡形态或床面泥沙起动主要决定于床面剪切应力,床面湍动能对泥沙起动也具有重要影响。     

A comprehensive approach to evaluating watershed models for predicting river flow regimes critical to downstream ecosystem services

Selection of strategies that help reduce riverine inputs requires numerical models that accurately quantify hydrologic processes. While numerous models exist, information on how to evaluate and select the most robust models is limited. Toward this end, we developed a comprehensive approach that helps evaluate watershed models in their ability to simulate flow regimes critical to downstream ecosystem services. We demonstrated the method using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT), the Hydrological Simulation Program–FORTRAN (HSPF) model, and Distributed Large Basin Runoff Model (DLBRM) applied to the Maumee River Basin (USA). The approach helped in identifying that each model simulated flows within acceptable ranges. However, each was limited in its ability to simulate flows triggered by extreme weather events, owing to algorithms not being optimized for such events and mismatched physiographic watershed conditions. Ultimately, we found HSPF to best predict river flow, whereas SWAT offered the most flexibility for evaluating agricultural management practices.     

FAULT DIAGNOSIS OF HYDRAULIC SERVO SYSTEM USING THE UNSCENTED KALMAN FILTER

Fault occurrence can be embodied by the physical parameter variations of the hydraulic servo system. Faults can, therefore, be diagnosed according to the model coefficient variations of the hydraulic servo system. This paper proposes an approach for fault diagnosis based on the unscented Kalman filter (UKF) with a mathematical model of the hydraulic servo system. The mathematical model is established using the dynamic equations of the hydraulic servo system. Based on the fault mechanism analysis results, several important system model parameters that can separately represent different faults in different components of the hydraulic servo system are chosen. Discrete state space equations are derived from the dynamic equations. The UKF algorithm is used to estimate the important system model parameters of the hydraulic servo system by utilizing the discretized state space model. According to the variations of these model parameters, the fault modes and locations of the hydraulic servo system can be diagnosed and isolated. Two types of faults, namely, abrupt fault in servovalve gain and slow wear fault in hydraulic cylinder piston, which cannot be directly detected from the system output, are introduced individually to the hydraulic servo system in this work. By comparing with the extended Kalman Filter, three different experimental cases are used to validate the effectiveness of the UKF for hydraulic servo system fault diagnosis.     

液压阻尼器阀试验台电气控制系统

为了保证核电装置中液压阻尼器阀安全运行,设计一种液压阻尼器阀试验台,重点介绍其电气系统的设计.     

工业液压系统节能控制优化

介绍国内某钢铁厂生产线液压控制系统的节能控制优化工作.     

卡拉水电站地下厂房初始应力场反演分析

初始地应力场特征是地下工程稳定分析中最重要的条件,为了评价开挖后地下洞室的围岩稳定及支护设计的长期安全,需要对围岩的初始地应力场进行反演。在对雅砻江卡拉水电站工程区地应力实测值进行分析的基础上,根据世界地应力图和GPS地表监测数据所确定的区域地应力特征,选取地下厂房区域测试可靠、具有代表性、离厂房区域较近的实测点作为初始地应力数值反演分析的回归对象,结合反演分析原理,获得整个地下厂房区域的地应力场分布特征。通过对比数值计算值和实测成果可知：测点地应力的大小和方向拟合程度较好,分布规律大致相同,表明采用数值反演分析方法的合理性。分析成果为地下厂房洞室群的布置、开挖支护设计等提供了依据。     

西藏拉洛水利枢纽沥青混凝土骨料质量评价及料场比选

沥青混凝土心墙是土石坝的重要结构,骨料、填料等原材料质量对心墙抗渗性、耐久性及适应变形的能力具有决定性影响。以位于西藏自治区日喀则市的拉洛水利枢纽工程为例,初拟2处沥青混凝土人工骨料石料场以资比选,进行了各项质量参数的试验检测,综合考虑各种因素后选定了运距虽然相对较远但质量更好的卡贡灰岩石料场作为料源,确保高原、高寒、高海拔地区沥青混凝土心墙坝的安全。同时,分析、讨论了沥青混凝土用人工骨料原材料岩石质量评价时应注意的若干问题,并提出了解决问题的意见和建议,可供下一步修订相关标准时参考。