福州市主城区洪涝灾害成因分析 及对策研究

根据福州市主城区水系信息,构建其行洪排涝数值模拟模型,并结合“龙王”台风时的实时 暴雨资料和调度资料及淹没范围,对模型进行了验证。进而,分析和评价了主城区水系行洪排涝能力 及水动力特征。从发生洪涝灾害的三种因素(致灾因子、孕灾环境、受灾体)分别分析了洪涝灾害成 因。在此基础上提出了福州市主城区洪涝灾害防治对策,并进行了验证。结果表明建议对策合理可 行,对类似城市具有借鉴意义。     

深圳市西乡河口水环境治理的水动力控导研究

西乡河在大铲湾突堤码头建设前,河口直面伶仃洋,较强的潮汐动力可使河口附近河段保持水质相对清洁。大铲湾突堤码头的建设,使原来开敞的海湾变成半封闭的港池,西乡河口位于湾内最深处,与外海水体交换能力急剧减弱。由于河口水动力条件发生较大变化,上游污水得不到充分稀释,并在河口及大铲湾港池内蓄积,严重影响当地水环境,这种状况随时间的延长而不断加重。对西乡河口的水质问题制定多种水动力控导方案,并进行相关研究。     

洱海水动力特性与入湖污染物迁移扩散规律研究

洱海是大理白族人民的母亲湖,具有浅水湖泊的水流特点.受风生湖流形态、环流结构及其空间分布差异性影响,洱海入湖污染物呈现水力停留时间长、输移扩散缓慢、北部湖湾藻类易出现富集等特点,并在自北向南、自西向东输移扩散过程中不断向湖底累积并形成内源污染,同时洱海水质受雨季降雨径流携带大量点面源负荷入湖及湖泊拦蓄雨季雨污水影响显著...     

沿水平向运动的水中截断圆柱体辐射波浪问题的解析解答

根据线性势波理论,分析了水中截断圆柱体作水平简谐运动时结构周围的辐射波浪。利用分离变量法,分别得到了含有未知常数的三个流体子域速度势的简谐表达形式,并采用一个较为简单的匹配方法使其在流体子域的共同边界上满足压力和法向速度的连续条件。于是求解得到了速度势,进而可得到由等效附加质量和附加阻尼表示的柱体侧面上的动水力。不仅能考虑自由表面波对动水压力的影响,也适用于位于任意水深处的截断圆柱体。实例分析表明,该方法具有较高的计算精度;同时对于截断圆柱体,采用Morison方程中的动水附加惯性力项会高估柱体侧面上的动水力。     

IMBR-A/O工艺处理表面活性剂废水的研究

试验采用膜生物反应器(MBR)工艺处理阴离子表面活性剂废水。通过考查水力停留时间、容积负荷对反应器处理直链烷基苯磺酸钠(LAS)效果的影响,确定了最佳的水力停留时间为10.4h,容积负荷为0.058kg LAS/(m3.d),此时LAS的去除率达到最高,为99.5%。结果表明,LAS的去除主要是靠微生物的降解作用。     

流域水文、水动力、水质模型联合应用研究进展

流域水文、水动力、水质模型联合应用可以实现水资源从源头运动到不同水体的全过程模拟,对水资源开发利用与综合管理决策具有重要的意义.为深入了解流域耦合模型的发展与演变过程,总结了水文、水动力与水质3类模型的结构与特点,探讨了各类模型在耦合应用中的作用,综合评价了单向传输耦合、双向传输耦合与接口传输耦合各自的优势与不足,并对...     

给水泵失电导致机组停机的技术分析

针对一台200 MW火力发电机组电动给水泵突然失电后引起直流锅炉灭火、机组停机事故,从给水泵及直流锅炉的水动力特性方面着手,分析了事故过程和事故原因,并提出了相应的安全技术防范措施,以确保机组安全稳定运行.     

织构分布对动压滑动轴承油膜压力的影响

以动压滑动轴承为研究对象,根据流体动压润滑原理,建立圆形微凹坑织构化动压滑动轴承油膜数学模型,推导织构化滑动轴承油膜厚度修正公式;结合Reynolds方程有限差分法的求解方法,分析全织构和织构化参数(间距、深度)对动压滑动轴承圆周方向压力分布的影响。结果表明:分布在轴承上的全织构会引起油膜压力的变化;织构位于不同的位置时对圆形微凹坑织构滑动轴承的油膜压力的影响是不同的,对于不同间距和深度的织构,当织构位于升压区时,动压滑动轴承具有较好的润滑、承载性能,而织构位于降压区和全织构时不利于轴承承载。     

Combustion characteristics of a hydroxylammonium nitrate based liquid propellant. Combustion mechanism and application to thrusters

A new composition of hydroxylammonium nitrate based solution containing ammonium nitrate, methanol, and water was developed for monopropellant in a reaction control system (RCS) as an alternative to conventional hydrazine. In comparison with hydrazine, this solution has a 20% higher specific impulse, 1.4 times higher density, and lower freezing point and toxicity. The linear burning rate of the solution is moderate at the operating pressures of RCS thrusters. It was found that the linear burning rate had some characteristics whose mechanisms had not been understood. The combustion mechanism of this solution was investigated. The burning behavior was observed using a medium speed camera, and a temperature profile for the combustion wave was measured with a 2.5 μm diameter thermocouple. From these results, the instability of the liquid-gas interface may trigger a sudden increase in the burning rate, and methanol was found to be effective in reducing the bubble growth rate in the solution. The reactivity of several catalysts was evaluated in an open-cup test, and the S405 catalyst for hydrazine showed the best performance among them. Thruster tests were conducted using the S405 catalyst with variation in the propellant mass flow rate, catalyst bed configuration, and length-to-diameter ratio of the combustor. As a result, parameters were determined that ensured long operating time. The model thruster operated stably for up to 100 sec with a specific impulse I _sp = 240 sec, which corresponds to a 90% efficiency. __________ Translated from Fizika Goreniya i Vzryva, Vol. 45, No. 4, pp. 109–120, July–August, 2009. An erratum to this article can be found at