水下航行体垂直出筒流体动力特性研究

采用数值仿真的方法研究了水下航行体垂直发射出筒过程多相流场和流体动力特性演化规律．结 合动网格技术,采用多相流Mixture模型、Singhal空化模型及标准的A—s湍流模型,对混合流场的RANS方 程进行求解,进而求解了水下航行体运动的固体边界与运动流场相互作用形成了流一固耦合问题,使用此方 法,实现了在重力影响下水下航行体垂直发射出筒过程和流体动力特性进行数值模拟研究,分析了高压气团 对航行体出筒过程中的水弹道及其流体动力特性的影响,分析了航行体压差系数、粘性系数和总力系数波动 的原因     

军事靶场力量建设问题研究

提出了军事靶场力量的概念及其所包含的内涵,分析了军事靶场力量的构成,研究了军事靶场力量建设中人才队伍建设、场区建设、装备建设、技术建设、法规建设等方面的问题。对深化军事靶场力量的认识和指导军事靶场力量建设有一定的现实意义。     

Psychophysical studies of repetitive wrist flexion and extension

Abstract

The purpose of this experiment was to investigate the feasibility of using psychophysical methods to determine maximum acceptable forces for various types and frequencies of repetitive wrist motion. Four adjustable work stations were built to simulate repetitive wrist flexion with a power grip, wrist flexion with a pinch grip, and wrist extension with a power grip. The study consisted of two separate experiments. Subjects worked for two days per week during the first experiment, and five days per week during the second experiment. Fifteen women completed the first experiment, working seven hours each day, two days per week, for 20 days. Repetition rates of 2, 5, 10, 15 and 20 motions per minute were used with each flexion and extension task. Maximum acceptable torques were determined for the various motions, grips, and repetition rates without dramatic changes in wrist strength, tactile sensitivity, or number of symptoms. Fourteen different women completed the second experiment, performing a wrist flexion motion (power grip) fifteen times per minute, seven hours per day, five days per week, for 23 days. There were no significant differences in maximum acceptable torque from day to day. However, the average maximum acceptable torque for a five days per week exposure was 36-3% lower than for the same task performed two days per week. Assuming that maximum acceptable torques decrease 36-3% for other repetition rates and motions, tables of maximum acceptable force were developed for female wrist flexion (power grip), female wrist flexion (pinch grip), and female wrist extension (power grip).     

土地处理系统流态试验及异重流的影响

在土地处理系统的反应器中进行流态试验,考察适用于土地处理系统流态试验的方法,并挑选重现性好的示踪剂.试验结果表明,土地处理系统水流流态为推流式,体积效率达到95%以上,轴向扩散属于中等分散程度,但存在一定的滞留区.采用阶跃法进行流态试验会由于异重流的影响使试验结果不能反映出反应器的真实流态：采用升流式运行,升阶法会增加平均停留时间,具有很好的推流效果和很低的扩散系数,降阶法则相反;降流式运行,降阶法增加了平均停留时间,有更大的体积效率,升阶法则降低了水流推流效果.因而阶跃法不适合土地处理系统的流态试验.脉冲法采用罗丹明B作为示踪剂的试验结果比NaCl具有更好的重现性、更加准确.     

Component synthesis vibration suppression method of two component forces for flexible spacecraft

Considering the characteristics of two component forces on component synthesis vibration suppression(CSVS) method, two theorems on two component forces suppressing fractional multiple design frequency are given respectively. Meanwhile, the control force, which is composed by two arbitrary component forces with different initial time, can suppress certain frequencies for secondorder undamped vibration system. Using the above theorems, control moment of jet attitude maneuver on flexible spacecraft is designed on the basis principle of CSVS method. The simulations validate the correctness and effectiveness of the proposed method.     

考虑粘性泥沙运动的黄河口二维水沙输移数学模型

为研究黄河口的水沙输移规律,采用基于无结构三角网格下的有限体积法建立了平面二维水沙数学模型.模型中分别采用不同方法处理粘性和非粘性沙的输移源项,并引入经验证的粘性沙输移源项改进公式.采用已有的概化水槽冲淤试验资料对模型进行了验证,然后应用于1982年6月至1983年5月期间黄河口水沙输移的数值模拟,计算得到的潮位过程及冲淤量与实测资料符合较好,结果表明模型能够较好地模拟考虑粘性沙运动的黄河口非均匀沙不平衡输移.最后比较了不同泥沙输移源项处理方式对模拟结果的影响,计算表明在黄河口水沙输移数值模拟中需要采用非均匀沙模型并同时考虑粘性和非粘性泥沙的输移.     

A DEM‐based parallel computing hydrodynamic and transport model

The sudden and accidental water pollution response system (SAWPRS) for Yangtze River in central China required to develop a hydrodynamic and transport model, which is readily available and capable of simulating a large river system within GIS environment. This study facilitates such effort by developing a parallel computing method based on digital elevation model (DEM) using overlapping domain decomposition approach (ODDA) and message passing interface (MPI) protocol. The hydrodynamic and transport model was redesigned using finite volume method for hydrodynamic and transport model dispersion, the SIMPLEC method for solving the flow field, and the pressure weighted interpolating method for the flow field modification. This modelling approach was verified in two experiments using different sets of computer clusters. The model output was evaluated against the measured data collected for the year 1998 for Wanzhou, an upstream river segment of Yangtze River. The relative error was found to be less than 10%. The performance of parallel computation was found excellent as evident from the cost efficiency values greater than 0.81 in both experiments and increased computation speed while increasing the number of computer clusters. Overall, the parallel computing modelling system developed here was found to meet all requirements of SAWPRS. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

地形演变对黄河口切变锋位置及盐度分布的影响

基于FVCOM三维海洋数值模式建立了黄河口水动力模型,通过实测资料对数值模型进行了验证。验证结果表明建立的模型能很好的反映研究区域的水动力特性。利用该模型的数值模拟较好地再现了黄河口切变锋现象,并对两种不同类型的切变锋的形成、传播和持续时间的规律进行了分析研究。利用历年来黄河口地形演变的大致规律对黄河口附近的水下地形进行了演变,发现地形对切变锋形成位置有一定的影响,例如随着地形向外海淤进,切变锋的位置也随之向外海移动。还研究了地形的变化对黄河口海域盐度分布的影响,发现随着地形的演变,低盐度海水分布的范围会随之变大。     

二元驱动的河湖历史演变及其启示

以河湖历史演变过程为研究对象,分析了演变的驱动力及其作用特征、影响因素,提出河湖演变呈现出由自然-人工二元平行驱动向二元交错驱动发展的趋势。针对在人为改变河湖水系的历史过程中曾出现过的问题和风险,重点讨论了当前水系布局规划需要思考的问题,包括自然地理分异、气候变化、成本效益、生态环境等。建议拓展研究的维度和尺度,合理利用自然情势并关注人类活动潜在而深远的影响,多途径削减不利影响,以构建满足水资源合理配置、兴利除害、生态环境保护等社会需求的江河湖库水系格局。     

EFFECT OF ESCAPE DEVICE FOR SUBMERGED FLOATING TUNNEL （SFT） ON HYDRODYNAMIC LOADS APPLIED TO SFT

This paper presents a potential approach to settle the problem of surviving major safety accidents in Submerged Floating Tunnel (SFT) that detachable emergency escape devices are set up outside SFT. The Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) technology is used to investigate the effect of emergency escape devices on the hydrodynamic load acting on SFT in uniform and oscillatory flows and water waves by numerical test. The governing equations, i.e., the Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations and standard turbulence equations, are solved by the Finite Volume Method (FVM). Analytic solutions for the Airy wave are applied to set boundary conditions to generate water wave. The VOF method is used to trace the free surface. In uniform flow, hydrodynamic loads, applied to SFT with emergency escape device, reduce obviously. But, in oscillatory flow, it has little influence on hydrodynamic loads acting on SFT. Horizontal and vertical wave loads of SFT magnify to some extend due to emergency escape devices so that the influence of emergency escape devices on hydrodynamic loads of SFT should be taken into consideration when designed.