梯级电站建设对水质的影响

采用一维水动力数学模型和水质数学模型,对梯级电站建设前后的CJ江干、支流的水质变化进行研究,预测CJ江2020年5个梯级电站建设后干流水质主要参数的变化情况。结果表明,各梯级电站水库蓄水后各坝址处平均DO质量浓度将较建库前略有下降,BOD5和NH3-N的质量浓度呈下降趋势,TP质量浓度变化较小。     

A medical hand tool physical interaction evaluation approach for prototype testing using patient care simulators

The purpose of this study was to develop and test a physical ergonomics assessment approach for medical device handles. The method assesses wrist posture and force of exertion simultaneously by task element. Electrogoniometers and EMG sensors were connected through a data acquisition module for synchronization with video recordings of trials. Task analysis of video recordings were performed offline with Observer XT software. Average posture and force data across several repetitions of individual task elements were calculated and presented in a format suitable for informing product designers of specific issues during a test trial. A handle comfort questionnaire is proposed to survey subjective responses. The evaluation approach was applied to an endoscope needle in sampling a biopsy from the stomach wall using a gastrointestinal track simulator with ten physician surrogates. The results showed that for all task elements the wrist was in extension (33(°)-45(°)). Peak muscle forces ranged from 28% to 68% MVC across the three muscles studied. Muscle peak forces were above ACGIH HAL maximum threshold limits for four of the seven task elements, and above the action limit for all seven task elements for two muscles. The handle comfort questionnaire data also supported the high muscle force findings, and also on force distribution on the handle due to contact stresses. This combined approach could be used to collect and report detailed early stage ergonomics data from user trials on patient care simulators. The approach is proposed for use by medical device designers at the design stage of new products using prototypes, but it could also be used on existing products with real patients.     

Biomechanical assessment of lateral stiffness elements in the suspension system of a backpack

The purpose of this study was to examine the change in load distribution characteristics associated with adding lateral stiffness elements (rods) to a rucksack (backpack). A load distribution mannequin was instrumented with two 3D load cells to allow determination of the load applied to the shoulders and upper torso independent of the load applied to the hips and lower trunk. Position and mass of the payload (25?kg) were fixed at the centre of the volume of the rucksack and held constant during all testing. It was hypothesized that lateral rods would provide a force bridge that transfers part of the vertical load of the pack from the upper back and shoulders to the hip belt thereby reducing the vertical load on the torso, and possibly reducing the horizontal reaction force that produces a shear load on the spine. Results showed that these active stiffness elements shifted 14% of the vertical load from the upper torso to the pelvic region with lumbar shear load remaining relatively unchanged for all combinations of shoulder strap and waist belt tension. The lateral rods also provided a mean increase of 12% in the extensor moment at the L3?–?L4 level, thus reducing some demand on the erector spinae muscles.     

液力变矩-减速装置制动特性流场分析

为准确获取液力变矩-减速装置的制动特性,建立了某型液力变矩-减速装置制动工况下各叶轮及辅助液力减速器流道模型。运用CFD技术分析了液力变矩-减速装置泵轮、涡轮闭锁状态下在1000～2000r/min转速时的各叶轮及辅助液力减速器流道内部速度流线、压力场分布特点,并进行了制动特性仿真计算。仿真结果与实验结果对比计算误差在10%以内,表明仿真方法和仿真模型准确、可靠。     

新型液力变矩减速装置变矩工况叶轮有限元强度分析

基于单向流固耦合理论建立了某型液力变矩减速装置叶轮有限元强度分析模型,分析了模型的载荷及边界条件,进行了求解计算与结果后处理。通过实例分析,研究了液力变矩减速装置叶轮在变矩工况下结构强度问题,得到了各工作轮极限工况的等效应力分布和总体变形量,为液力变矩减速装置叶轮强度分析提供了一种有效的方法。     

圆柱体出筒过程头型对流体动力的影响

针对圆柱体出筒过程头型对流体动力特性的影响,采用多相流Mixture模型、Singhal空化模型和标准的k-ε湍流模型的方法,并结合动网格技术,求解混合介质RANS方程,实现了圆柱体运动的动边界与流场的流体-固体耦合求解.以此为基础,对有重力影响下的3种头型的圆柱体出筒过程和流体动力特性进行了数值模拟,分析了头型对圆柱体出筒过程中水弹道及其流体动力特性的影响,以及圆柱体压差系数、粘性系数和总力系数变化规律及波动原因.得到模型Ⅲ出筒过程中流体动力变化较小和水弹道比较稳定的结论,为工程实际应用提供有意义的理论指导.     

高速艇自由变深水动力试验研究

通过模型试验，研究了高速艇从压栽半潜状态自由变深到高速滑行状态的水动力现象．结果表明，当客积傅氏数大于1.25时，与舷外相通的水能完全自动排出．高速艇自由变深主要有以下5个原因：惯性作用、压栽水逐渐排出导致的艇体上抬作用、艇艉由于负压形成的空穴对压戢水的吸附作用、艇体动升力导致的艇体上抬作用、有利的艉倾作用．其中对具有较快加速运动的情形，惯性作用起重要地位，艇体动升力在排出流道水方面所发挥的作用相对较小，但在保持流道水排空方面发挥主导作用．     

高精度动静压油膜轴承设计方法研究

针对高精度动静压油膜轴承的设计方法进行了研究,对影响轴承性能的主要参数（包括：油腔数目、油腔结构形状、节流器参数、供油压力等）进行了分析,提出了相应的设计方法,并采用MATLAB软件对高精度动静压油膜轴承的油膜性能进行了数值解算,实现了油膜压力场的三维仿真.     

企业竞争优势的识别性研究

企业竞争优势的来源一直是企业战略管理研究的重要问题,更是每个企业管理者所关注的.基于系统和谐理论的思想,指出企业知识状态、资源、外部环境、组织结构及战略五个因素的个体功能及其之间的协同效果,最终达到五者组成系统的动态和谐,形成系统的整合力,从而源发出企业的竞争优势.据此构建数学模型,运用微量变化的方法,从定量的角度进一步识别企业的竞争优势变化,得出了六种情况,针对不同的情况,提出了企业应采取的相应措施以提高其竞争优势.     

Elastoplastic analysis for infinite plate with centric crack loaded by two pairs of point shear forces

The near crack line analysis method was used to investigate a crack loaded by two pairs of point shear forces in an infinite plate in an elastic-perfectly plastic solid, and the analytical solution was obtained. The solutions include: the unit normal vector of the elastic-plastic boundary near the crack line, the elastic-plastic stress fields near crack line, law that the length of the plastic zone along the crack line is varied with an external loads, and the bearing capacity of an infinite plate with a center crack loaded by two pairs of point shear forces. The results are sufficiently precise near the crack line because the assumptions of the small scale yielding theory have not been made and no other assumption have been taken.