50CHTA／6型给水泵轴向力平衡分析

给水泵平衡装置对给水泵的运行可靠性起着至关重要的作用,平衡装置流动间隙的大小,决定着平衡装置工作的正常与否。介绍了50 CHTA／6型锅炉给水泵基本结构、轴向力形成的原因和轴向力的平衡原理;由于平衡装置的流动间隙非常小,将流体在平衡装置间隙中的流动视为层流运动,通过水力计算详细介绍了给水泵轴向力和平衡力的计算方法,推导出了给水泵轴向力和平衡力的计算公式。并通过采集现场运行数据,对分析结果进行了验证。     

预应力混凝土结构次内力计算方法

预应力混凝土超静定结构中预应力作用会产生次内力，次内力的产生、计算同主内力有明显的不同，尤其是计算一直是教学与工程实践中的一个难点。本文阐述了次内力计算的基本概念，从计算方法、基本原理、计算路线和适用范围等四个方面比较了常见的预应力计算方法，同时对杆系有限元法计算次内力进行了初步分析，并总结了一些教学体会。最后笔者通过一个简单的力学算例，对几种方法的计算结果进行了比较分析。     

LF炉吹氩最佳混合效果研究

以攀钢165 t LF炉为原型,根据相似原理,用冷态模拟的方法对影响LF炉吹氩混合效果的各种工艺参数进行了研究.应用多因子多水平正交表安排试验,单底吹选用L18(61×36)表,双底吹选用L32(81×48)表.通过考察各因素对指标混合均匀时间τm(s)影响的显著程度,得出了165 t LF炉吹氩的最佳工艺条件为:(1)单底吹:Qm=3.37 L／min;Sm=1.7 mm3;Hm=506 mm;rm=124.8 mm;(2)双底吹:Qm=3.61 L／min;Sm=:1.7 mm2;Hm=500 mm;rm=142.4 mm或98.6 mm.     

论先进生产力的判断标准与本质特征

先进生产力的判断标准应该是经济效率标准、具体时空标准、人民利益标准、可持续发展标准的统一。先进生产力的三个本质特征：先进生产力是一个诸种先进生产要素综合作用的系统；先进生产力以先进的科学技术为载体；先进生产力具有量态和质态两种属性。     

Performance Comparison of Four Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Deck Panels

In an effort to assess the constructability and performance of bridges with fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composite decks, the short-term and long-term responses of a 207 m, five-span bridge retrofitted with four different FRP panel systems were monitored. The overall aspects of the panel systems, connection details, and construction techniques are presented prior to presentation of the observed and measured responses. Key design parameters (impact factors, girder distribution factors, and level of composite action) for FRP and reinforced concrete decks are evaluated. This paper demonstrates that FRP replacement decks are a viable alternative to reinforced concrete decks and identifies the differences in performances of various FRP deck systems. Two of the FRP panel systems were found to perform considerably better than the other deck systems. Issues that may reduce the service life of FRP deck systems are presented and discussed.     

Glasslike Transitions in Thin Polymer-Melt Films Due to Thickness Constraint

The shear properties of thin films of star and linear polyisoprene (PIP) melts under high pressure were investigated as a function of sliding velocity (shear rate) using the surface forces apparatus. The results were contrasted with their bulk rheological properties; effects of thickness constraint on the shear behavior were discussed. The melts of PIP in bulk exhibit Newtonian-like constant viscosity at least at low shear rates (frequencies), which suggests that individual molecules flow with lateral sliding motion. However, thin films of PIP melts show tribological features involving apparent shear-thinning behavior, indicative of the correlated motions in confined geometries. The shear-property change from bulk rheological behavior to thin-film tribological behavior along with the thickness decrease reflects the physical states and their transitions in the systems; the thickness constraint induces glasslike transitions. Effects of molecular weights and molecular architecture (star-branched or linear) on the shear properties are also discussed.     

Effects of lubricant additives on the performance of hydrodynamically lubricated journal bearings

A non-Newtonian rheological model to investigate theoretically the effects of lubricant additives on the steady state performance of hydrodynamically lubricated finite journal bearings is introduced. In this model, the non-Newtonian behavior resulting from blending the lubricant with polymer additives is simulated by Stokes couple stress fluid model. The formed boundary layer at the bearing surface is described through the use of a hypothetical porous medium layer that adheres to the bearing surface. The Brinkman-extended Darcy equations are utilized to model the flow in the porous region. A stress jump boundary condition is applied at the porous media/fluid film interface. A modified form of the Reynolds equation is derived and solved numerically using a finite difference scheme. The effects of bearing geometry, and non-Newtonian behavior of the lubricant on the steady-state performance characteristics such as pressure distribution, load carrying capacity, side leakage flow, and coefficient of friction are presented and discussed. The results showed that lubricant additives significantly increase the load carrying capacity and reduce both the coefficient of friction and the side leakage as compared to the Newtonian lubricants.     

不等齿距端铣刀对端铣振动影响的研究

根据切削理论及端铣过程的几何关系 ,提出了单齿和多齿端铣刀的铣削力模型 ,用有限元分析软件分析了铣床的频谱 ;分析了不等齿距端铣刀的铣削力频谱 ,并在此基础上分析了不等齿距端铣刀的减振机理 ,提出了不等齿距端铣刀齿间角优化设计的依据 ,设计和制造了不等齿距端铣刀 ,并对不等齿距端铣刀和等齿距端铣刀的振动性能进行了对比实验     

Comparison of friction measurements using the atomic force microscope and the surface forces apparatus: the issue of scale

Results are presented of lateral force measurements using the atomic force microscope (AFM) and the surface forces apparatus (SFA). Two different probes are used in the AFM measurements; a sharp silicon nitride tip (radius R20 nm) and a glass ball (R15 m). The lateral force is measured between the (silicon nitride or glass) probe and a mica surface which has been coated by a thin lubricant film. In the SFA, a thin lubricant film separates two molecularly smooth mica surfaces (R1 cm) which are slid relative to each other. Perfluoropolyether (PFPE) and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) were used as the lubricant films. In the SFA where the contact diameter is largest, the PFPE film shows much lower friction than PDMS. As the size of the probe decreases, the difference in the measured friction decreases. For sharp AFM tips, no clear distinction between the tribological properties of the films can be made. Hence, the measured coefficient of friction varies according to the length scale probed, at least for small dimensions.