垂荡板对传统Spar平台水动力特性的影响

为研究垂荡板对传统Spar平台水动力特性的影响,以Umaine-Hywind Spar平台为模型,利用有限元软件对垂荡板在Spar平台不同位置处的频域和时域特性进行分析,并在最佳位置处对比分析了不同透空率的垂荡板对Spar平台影响。结果表明:在相同的海况条件下,垂荡板在Spar平台下部安放有利于其工作,使其获得的响应更小,而在下部安放的垂荡板中,透空率为5%的垂荡板性能优于透空率为0的垂荡板。综合几个算例可以得出:垂荡板可以改变并优化Spar平台,然而这需要考虑影响垂荡板的因素(透空率,板间距、数目等),并非垂荡板就一定会降低Spar平台的垂荡响应。     

A DEM‐based parallel computing hydrodynamic and transport model

The sudden and accidental water pollution response system (SAWPRS) for Yangtze River in central China required to develop a hydrodynamic and transport model, which is readily available and capable of simulating a large river system within GIS environment. This study facilitates such effort by developing a parallel computing method based on digital elevation model (DEM) using overlapping domain decomposition approach (ODDA) and message passing interface (MPI) protocol. The hydrodynamic and transport model was redesigned using finite volume method for hydrodynamic and transport model dispersion, the SIMPLEC method for solving the flow field, and the pressure weighted interpolating method for the flow field modification. This modelling approach was verified in two experiments using different sets of computer clusters. The model output was evaluated against the measured data collected for the year 1998 for Wanzhou, an upstream river segment of Yangtze River. The relative error was found to be less than 10%. The performance of parallel computation was found excellent as evident from the cost efficiency values greater than 0.81 in both experiments and increased computation speed while increasing the number of computer clusters. Overall, the parallel computing modelling system developed here was found to meet all requirements of SAWPRS. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

二元驱动的河湖历史演变及其启示

以河湖历史演变过程为研究对象,分析了演变的驱动力及其作用特征、影响因素,提出河湖演变呈现出由自然-人工二元平行驱动向二元交错驱动发展的趋势。针对在人为改变河湖水系的历史过程中曾出现过的问题和风险,重点讨论了当前水系布局规划需要思考的问题,包括自然地理分异、气候变化、成本效益、生态环境等。建议拓展研究的维度和尺度,合理利用自然情势并关注人类活动潜在而深远的影响,多途径削减不利影响,以构建满足水资源合理配置、兴利除害、生态环境保护等社会需求的江河湖库水系格局。     

地形演变对黄河口切变锋位置及盐度分布的影响

基于FVCOM三维海洋数值模式建立了黄河口水动力模型,通过实测资料对数值模型进行了验证。验证结果表明建立的模型能很好的反映研究区域的水动力特性。利用该模型的数值模拟较好地再现了黄河口切变锋现象,并对两种不同类型的切变锋的形成、传播和持续时间的规律进行了分析研究。利用历年来黄河口地形演变的大致规律对黄河口附近的水下地形进行了演变,发现地形对切变锋形成位置有一定的影响,例如随着地形向外海淤进,切变锋的位置也随之向外海移动。还研究了地形的变化对黄河口海域盐度分布的影响,发现随着地形的演变,低盐度海水分布的范围会随之变大。     

EFFECT OF ESCAPE DEVICE FOR SUBMERGED FLOATING TUNNEL （SFT） ON HYDRODYNAMIC LOADS APPLIED TO SFT

This paper presents a potential approach to settle the problem of surviving major safety accidents in Submerged Floating Tunnel (SFT) that detachable emergency escape devices are set up outside SFT. The Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) technology is used to investigate the effect of emergency escape devices on the hydrodynamic load acting on SFT in uniform and oscillatory flows and water waves by numerical test. The governing equations, i.e., the Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations and standard turbulence equations, are solved by the Finite Volume Method (FVM). Analytic solutions for the Airy wave are applied to set boundary conditions to generate water wave. The VOF method is used to trace the free surface. In uniform flow, hydrodynamic loads, applied to SFT with emergency escape device, reduce obviously. But, in oscillatory flow, it has little influence on hydrodynamic loads acting on SFT. Horizontal and vertical wave loads of SFT magnify to some extend due to emergency escape devices so that the influence of emergency escape devices on hydrodynamic loads of SFT should be taken into consideration when designed.     

多孔介质陶瓷填料的流体力学与传质性能

对新型多孔介质陶瓷填料Ⅰ型、Ⅱ型的流体力学性能和传质性能进行了测试 ,并对 2种填料性能的实验结果进行了对比分析 ,结果表明多孔介质陶瓷填料Ⅱ型的操作压降比多孔介质陶瓷填料Ⅰ型至少降低 5 0 % ,其综合性能更为优良。     

平原河网水动力模型及求解方法探讨

参考国内外有关资料 ,根据河网非恒定流水动力模型的控制方程组和汊点衔接条件 ,建立平原河网水动力节点 河道模型。介绍用特征线法 ,有限体积法和有限差分法中的直接解法、分级解法、汊点分组解法、矩阵标识法、非线性方法等求解的基本思路。对比单元划分模型、混合模型以及人工神经网络模型等平原河网水动力模型 ,分析各个模型的优缺点 ,结果表明 ,节点 河道模型原则上可以求解任何水网的水力参数 ,单元划分模型仅适用于河道流速时空变化不大的情况 ,人工神经网络模型的验证比较困难。指出改进和设计计算方法、应用向量运算和并行算法、数值模拟可视化、数值计算模型软件化是河网数值模拟的主要发展方向     

COMPUTATION OF HYDRODYNAMIC INTERACTION FORCES BETWEEN SHIPS BASED ON B-SPLINES

1 .　ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＷｉｔｈｉｎｔｈｅａｓｓｕｍｐｔｉｏｎｏｆｓｌｅｎｄｅｒ ｔｈｅｏｒｙ ,Ｙｅ ｕｎｇ[1 ,2 ] ｆｉｒｓｔｒｅｃａｓｔｔｈｅｔｈｒｅｅ ｄｉｍｅｎｓｉｏｎａｌｐｒｏｂｌｅｍｏｆｔｗｏｓｈｉｐｓｍｏｖｉｎｇｉｎａｓｈａｌｌｏｗｆｌｕｉｄｉｎｔｏｔｗｏｉｎｎｅｒｐｒｏｂｌｅｍｓａｎｄｏｎｅｏｕｔｅｒｐｒｏｂｌｅｍａｎｄｄｅｒｉｖｅｄａｐａｉｒｏｆｃｏｕｐｌｅｄｉｎｔｅｇｒａｌ ｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｔｉａｌｅｑｕａｔｉｏｎｓｆｏｒｄｅｔｅｒｍｉｎｉｎｇｔｈｅｕｎｋｎｏｗｎｃｒｏｓｓ ｆ…     

A rapid forecasting method for mountain flood disaster based on machine learning algorithmsEI北大核心CSCD

基于高精度水动力模型与机器学习技术,运用极限随机树(ERT)及KNN算法,构建了高分辨率山洪灾害快速预报模型。利用确定系数、平均绝对误差和均方根误差3种指标评估模型的整体可靠性,同时,截取流域出口断面流量验证模型的预报性能。结果表明:所建模型预报结果与水动力模型模拟结果淹没范围基本一致,流域淹没范围平均相对误差低于5%,模型整体稳定可靠;流域出口断面流量平均相对误差低于10%,断面平均水深、流速平均相对误差低于5%,模型预报性能良好;模型可在10s内完成最大淹没情况计算并输出淹没范围图,能为紧急决策提供足够的前置时间,协助决策者更好地采取应对措施。     

规则波中弧形返浪墙的非线性水动力载荷数值模拟

运用基于FLUENT软件平台的二维数值波浪水槽,采用流体体积(VOF)方法处理波浪自由面,应用"解析松弛"方法实现了数值造波-消波。模拟规则波下不同返浪墙断面形式情况下的流场和水动力。应用直墙驻波理论解和物理模型试验结果验证了数值波浪水槽的可行性。比较波浪力的数值模拟与物理模型试验结果可以发现,水动力冲量的均方差小于水动力最大值的均方差,且水动力冲量的误差也小于水动力最大值,说明以冲量作为特征量能更好地描述水动力载荷的变化。在给定堤顶超高的条件下,不同堤脚超高和弧形返浪墙高度的组合对越浪量有明显影响:低弧趾超高和大半径弧面组合有利于降低越浪量,但水动力载荷也较大;高弧趾超高和小半径弧面组合越浪量较大。