气-液-固三相喷射床流动特性研究

模型实验研究证明带中心导向管的气－液－固三相喷射床操作稳定,床内液固相具有连续稳定的轴向内循环运动,并可由操作参数求得循环流速为该技术运用于湿法冶金等液固相反应具有能耗低、效率高、操作稳定等诸多优越性     

The condition of the least‐squares finite element matrices

A universal, practical, a priori, numerical procedure is presented by which to realistically bind the spectral condition number of the global stiffness matrix generated by the finite element least‐squares method. The procedure is then applied to second and fourth‐order problems in one and two dimensions to show that the condition of the global stiffness matrix thus generated is, in all instances, proportional to but the diameter of the element squared. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

SPH法中初始时粒子配置的分析

光滑粒子流体动力学(SPH)法是一种无网格拉格朗日粒子法。文中介绍了SPH法的常数和线性连续性条件,测试求解一维溃坝问题时不同的初始粒子配置对实验结果的影响。结果表明在SPH法中,初始时刻粒子应尽量均匀分布,并且尽量使所有粒子的质量相同或者是呈连续变化的。     

基于连续性扩散流的湿地表面水流动力学模型

受表面密生植被的影响,湿地表面流总是处于高阻力、低流速状态。湿地表面流的水流动力学方程中,其水流加速度项相对于地表高密度植被造成的高阻力项相比,可以忽略。由此,以水流连续性方程和忽略加速度项的水流动力学方程为基础,构建基于连续性扩散流的湿地表面流动力学模型。该模型是一个抛物型偏微分方程,相对于描述一般径流流态的圣维南双曲型偏微分方程组而言,其求解过程相对容易。模型中的表面流流量采用修正的曼宁方程描述,表面糙率采用已有经验公式,数值计算方法采用六点差分格式。模拟结果表明,该模型能够体现湿地表面流的高阻力、低流速特征。水深越浅,水流模式变化越慢,水深越大,表面流受植被阻力越小,水流模式变化越快。     

应用SPH方法模拟近水面爆炸

应用无网格光滑粒子法对近水面爆炸问题进行了数值模拟,模拟再现爆轰产物、水以及空气多种介质间的相互作用过程。相对于传统的基于网格的数值方法,SPH方法的无网格、Lagrangian性质能够自然、简单地处理爆炸产生的大变形、多介质作用等问题。通过自编程序,选用有效合理的SPH理论方法再现了近水面爆炸的复杂物理现象,定性分析了近水面爆炸的密度和压强的分布情况。通过数值模拟,近水面爆炸的复杂物理现象得到了合理再现,同时验证说明了光滑粒子法能有效地对可压缩多介质流进行计算模拟。     

Dynamic Modeling and Hydrodynamic Performance of Biomimetic Underwater Robot Locomotion

We developed a dynamic model of a Nitinol artificial muscle activated biomimetic robot. The robot was reverse engineered from the American lobster and built in the Biomimetic Underwater Robot Program at Northeastern University. It is intended for autonomous remote-sensing operations in shallow waters. An experimentally based Nitinol artificial muscle model was integrated into the robot dynamic model. The hydrodynamic characteristics of the robot were determined experimentally. The muscle control signals were generated by utilizing a readily available biomimetic control architecture. The effects of the timing parameters were investigated. Simulations indicate that the developed robot is able to locomote with high stability. It can walk against constant currents and surge.     

珠江虎门河口洪季潮流近底边界层水流结构研究

研究河口近底边界层水动力结构对进一步研究河口地区水流能量耗散和物质输运具有重要意义,2006年7月26～28日在珠江虎门口采用ADV、ADP及OBS和CDT组合置底支架观测系统对近底边界层水流、泥沙和温盐度进行了水下定点观测,本文通过分析流速观测数据,对该潮汐河口近底边界层的水流结构、阻力特性和紊动尺度进行研究,结果表明除憩流附近外,近底边界层内时均流速分布均可采用对数剖面,摩阻流速值与时均流速基本成正比,平均摩阻流速为0.014m/s,粗糙长度为0.09mm,切应力梯度为0.426N/m~2·m;脉动流速统计分析结果符合典型潮汐河口底边界层的紊动特点,距床面0.15m处,落急时刻宏尺度紊动的时间尺度和长度尺度分别为3s和0.06m;垂向脉动分速以及瞬时雷诺应力自相关分析表明转流附近时段的湍流主要以低频大尺度紊动为主.测量分析结果可为下一步研究近底边界层泥沙运动提供依据,并为数值模拟计算提供水动力分析条件和特征参数.     

Processing capabilities of micro ultrasonic machining for hard and brittle materials: SPH analysis and experimental verification

Micro ultrasonic machining (micro-USM) is an unconventional micromachining technology that has capability to fabricate high aspect ratio micro-holes, intricate shapes and features on various hard and brittle materials. The material removal in USM is based on brittle fracture of work materials. The mechanical properties and fracture behaviour are different for varied hard and brittle materials, which would make a big difference in the processing capability of micro-USM. To study the processing capability of USM and exploit its potential, the material removal of work materials, wear of abrasive particles and wear of machining tools in USM of three typical hard and brittle materials including float glass, alumina, and silicon carbide were investigated in this work. Both smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) simulations and verification experiments were conducted. The material removal rate is found to decrease in the order of glass, alumina, and silicon carbide, which can be well explained by the simulation results that cracking of glass is faster and larger compared to the other materials. Correspondingly, the tool wear rate also dropped significantly thanks to the faster material removal, and a formation of concavity on the tool tip center due to intensive wear was prevented. The SPH model is proved useful for studying USM of different hard and brittle materials, and capable of predicting the machining performance.     

基于N-S方程的微造型表面动压润滑性能的分析研究

根据微造型的几何模型特点,基于N-S方程研究了微造型表面的动压润滑性能,并与基于雷诺方程求解的微造型表面的动压润滑性能进行了比较。结果表明:合适的微造型可以产生动压效果;通过比较N-S方程和雷诺方程求解动压润滑的差异,发现惯性力将对微造型的动压效果产生显著的影响,在微造型表面惯性力的影响是不可以忽略的;微造型的几何参数对润滑性能存在着很大的影响。