水力机械过流表面空蚀程度的图像检测

在闭式循环水洞即空蚀磨损试验系统中,对铝制raf61翼型,在空化数为0.6的条件下进行空蚀程度研究.传统的量化方式难以满足测量要求,提出了数字图像检测的方法.获取翼型表面SEM空蚀图像,针对图像直方图单峰分布进行背景灰度级修正,采用Canny算子检测空蚀坑洞边缘,二值形态学方法统计计算空蚀破坏表面参数.检测结果表明:该表面蚀坑数为1.54个,空蚀破坏表面积为8.3865 ×10~4个像素,图像测量检测有较高精度.     

Numerical simulation of unsteady cavitating flows around a transient pitching hydrofoil

The objective of this paper is to improve the understanding of the influence of multiphase flow on the turbulent closure model,the interplay between vorticity fields and cavity dynamics around a pitching hydrofoil.The effects of pitching rate on the subcavitating and cavitating response of the pitching hydrofoil are also investigated.In particular,we focus on the interactions between cavity inception,growth,and shedding and the vortex flow structures,and their impacts on the hydrofoil performance.The calculations are 2-D and performed by solving the incompressible,multiphase Unsteady Reynolds Averaged Navier Stokes(URANS)equations via the commercial CFD code CFX.The k-SST(Shear Stress Transport)turbulence model is used along with the transport equation-based cavitation models.The density correction function is considered to reduce the eddy viscosity according to the computed local fluid mixture density.The calculation results are validated with experiments conducted by Ducoin et al.(see Computational and experimental investigation of flow over a transient pitching hydrofoil,Eur J Mech/B Fluids,2009,28:728–743 and An experimental analysis of fluid structure interaction of a flexible hydrofoil in various flow regimes including cavitating flow,Eur J Mech B/fluids,2012,36:63–74).Results are shown for a NACA66 hydrofoil subject to slow(quasi static,6°/s,*0.18)and fast(dynamic,63°/s,*1.89)pitching motions from=0°to=15°.Both subcavitaing(=8.0)and cavitating(=3.0)flows are considered.For subcavitating flow(=8.0),low frequency fluctuations have been observed when the leading edge vortex shedding occurs during stall,and delay of stall is observed with increasing pitching velocity.For cavitating flow(=3.0),small leading edge cavities are observed with the slow pitching case,which significantly modified the vortex dynamics at high angles of attack,leading to high frequency fluctuations of the hydrodynamic coefficients and different stall behaviors compared to the subcavitating flow at the same pitching rate.On the other hand,for the fast pitching case at=3.0,large-scale sheet/cloud cavitation is observed,the cavity behavior is unsteady and has a strong impact on the hydrodynamic response,which leads to high amplitude fluctuations of the hydrodynamic coefficients,as well as significant changes in the stall and post-stall behavior.The numerical results also show that the local density modification helps to reduce turbulent eddy viscosity in the cavitating region,which significantly modifies the cavity lengths and shedding frequencies,particularly for the fast pitching case.In general,compared with the experimental visualizations,the numerical results with local density correction have been found to agree well with experimental measurements and observations for both slow and fast transient pitching cases.     

尾缘襟翼振荡水翼的水动力特性

为了提高振荡水翼的能量提取效率,提出一种带尾缘襟翼的振荡水翼结构,在传统水翼的后端加装尾缘襟翼,利用尾缘襟翼的摆动达到提高功率的目的。建立襟翼摆动的运动方程并对等效攻角方程进行推导。利用CFD软件中的动态和移动网格技术对模型进行数值模拟。仿真结果显示,尾缘襟翼结构增加水翼翼型的拱度,使水翼的攻角增加,进而增加振荡水翼的升力系数和时均功率系数。推导的等效攻角公式与模拟结果一致,等效攻角公式能够较好的预示模拟结果。尾缘襟翼的摆动负功在整个振荡水翼采集功率中占的比例很小。     

长网多缸新闻纸机网案应用全陶瓷面板脱水元件的改造实践

通过对两台长网多缸新闻纸机网案进行案辊更换为全陶瓷刮水板，同时把磨损变形严重的高密度聚乙烯成型板面板、真空吸水箱面板换成全陶瓷面板脱水元件的应用改造实践表明，此方案在解决成形网顶浆、延长其寿命、降低网下白水浓度、提高细小纤维及填料留着率、提高产品质量和降低维修费用等方面，效果显著。     

绕扭曲翼型三维非定常空泡脱落结构的数值分析

该文以一种三维扭曲翼型为研究对象,采用均衡流空化模型和基于滤波器的湍流修改模式模拟了绕翼型非定常空化流动。计算结果显示,在一定条件下绕翼型的空泡流动存在两种脱落结构,即主体脱落和二次脱落。进一步的流场分析表明回射流和侧面射流是这两种空泡脱落结构产生的主要原因。计算结果与试验的比较说明,该文采用的数值模拟方法可成功模拟实验观测的空泡脱落现象。     

静水中摆推式水翼的水动力分析与实验研究

针对静水中作摆动推进的水翼,采用用非定常涡格法对其进行水动力分析,并进行了静水中的相关推进实验。在理论计算中作者提出了一种非线性尾涡面模型处理办法,并将这种尾涡面模型下的计算结果与试验结果进行了对比,对比表明在计算中采用这种非线性尾涡面效果理想。最后,针对提出的这种非线性尾涡模型处理方法展开了进一步的探讨,并按此计算了有来流工况下的尾涡面形状,给出了计算结果。     

非对称尾部形状水翼水力阻尼识别方法研究

水力阻尼是影响流激振动幅值预测精度的关键参数,是水力机械流激振动领域研究的热点问题。非对称尾部形状水翼在涡激振动和升力的联合作用下,振动响应的平衡位置具有时变特性,采用传统自由振动衰减法获得的水力阻尼比误差大幅度增加,甚至失效。为了克服传统自由振动衰减法应用局限,本文借助双向流固耦合数值模拟方法获得流激振动响应位移,通过带通滤波结合平衡位置校准,研究了动水环境中对称和非对称尾部形状水翼水力阻尼的识别方法。结果表明,数值模拟可较准确获取低阶结构模态和尾部旋涡脱落频率,相比实验结果,低阶弯曲模态频率、低阶扭曲模态频率和15 m/s流速下脱落涡频率最大偏差分别为7.58%、2.90%和1.42%;带通滤波可消除周期性涡激振动对响应信号的影响,水力阻尼比识别偏差度从7.51%下降到1.92%;平衡位置校准方法可采用多项式拟合法、线性插值法和光滑样条曲线法,所对应的水力阻尼比识别偏差度分别为34.93%、3.53%和0.16%。工程上,可优先推荐滤波结合线性插值法,在需要高精度水力阻尼比的场合,则必须采用滤波结合光滑样条曲线法。     

Multi-point design optimization of hydrofoil for marine current turbine

The comprehensive performance of the marine current turbine is an important issue in the ocean energy development. Its key is the performance of the hydrofoil, which is used to form the turbine blade. A multi-point optimization method of the hydrofoil is proposed in this paper. In this method, the Bezier curve is used to parameterize the hydrofoil. The geometrical parameters are used as variables while the lift-drag ratio and the cavitation performance of the hydrofoil are used as the objective functions. The NSGA-II algorithm is chosen as the optimization algorithm. In order to resolve the difficulty of this high-dimensional multi-objective optimi- zation problem, the conception of the distance metric in the metric space is introduced to unify the lift-drag ratio and the cavitation performance under different working conditions. And then, the above optimization method is applied in the NACA63-815 hydro- foil＇s optimal design under three typical conditions. Finally, the results from the performance comparison of the original and optimi- zed hydrofoils obtained by using the CFD simulation are analyzed in detail. It is indicated that the optimized hydrofoils enjoy a better hydrodynamic performance than the original ones under the three conditions. The feasibility and the theoretical validity of this optimization method are confirmed by the results.     

Weis—Fogh水翼非定常流体动力的数学模型和计算

本文研究了Weis-Fogh水翼的非定常流体动力,应用半解析解半数值解方法,在具有来流条件下,求得了非定常力的解析表达式和数值渐近计算式。数值计算表明:(1)与传统机翼相比,Weis-Fogh水翼在启动初期具有较大的推力;(2)附加质量系数约为平板推进翼的两倍。     

水面下均流中空间任意方位马蹄涡之诱导速度势

本文在线性化自由表面条件的假定下,从单位强度的Kelvin源出发,推导而得处于水面下均流中空间任意方位马蹄涡之诱导速度势公式。本文的结果包含了文献[3]、[4]、[5]中的水平马蹄涡、上反马蹄涡、垂直马蹄涡和下滑马蹄涡之诱导速度势的情况,是一个适用范围更加广泛的基本解。