添加剂对PVDF／PU复合膜成膜速度、结构与性能的影响

研究成孔添加剂聚乙二醇（PEG）和LiCl对聚偏氟乙烯（PVDF）／聚氨酯（PU）铸膜液体系的成膜动力学以及膜性能的影响．结果表明：加入PEG、LiCl均能加快成膜速度,膜的水通量有很大程度的提高,而截留率下降．不同相对分子质量PEG对成膜的影响略有不同．相对分子质量越大,黏度因素起到的作用越大,使得成膜速度随相对分子质量增加而稍有降低;相对分子质量越大,截留率下降得越明显;相对分子质量为4000时,PVDF／PU复合膜的综合性能最好．     

亲水型温敏凝胶聚合物的制备与性能分析

温敏高分子材料因其对温度具有敏感性而被应用于温控开关及药物控温释放等领域.本文以N-异丙基丙烯酰胺(NIPAm)、甲基丙烯酰胺(MAm)作为单体,过硫酸钾作为引发剂,采用N,N’-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺(BIS)作为交联剂,制备了亲水型温敏凝胶聚合物,并研究了两种单体组分的质量分数比及交联剂的用量对所制备的凝胶聚合物的低临界溶液温度(LCST)、溶胀率和保水率的影响.研究结果表明:合成的N-异丙基丙烯酰胺与甲基丙烯酰胺的凝胶聚合物(简写为P(NI-PAm-co-MAm))的低临界溶液温度(LCST)随着凝胶聚合物体系中亲水单体比例的增加而升高;交联剂含量越多,则凝胶聚合物的溶胀率越小,而保水率增大;凝胶聚合物的亲水单体比例增加,则凝胶聚合物的溶胀率和保水率均增大.     

PLLA-PEG-PLLA三嵌段共聚物的合成及性能

以萘钾和聚乙二醇形成大分子引发剂,在超声波震荡下引发L-丙交酯开环共聚,合成出不同EO/LA物质的量比的PLLA-PEG-PLLA三嵌段共聚物。利用FT-IR和1HNMR表征了三嵌段共聚物的结构。通过接触角和吸水率测试表明共聚物的亲水性是随着EO含量的增大而增强。采用DSC和POM研究共聚物的热性能和结晶形貌表明,共聚物各段熔点比各自均聚物低且有一个Tg,由于共聚物中EO/LA物质的量比的不同,表现出某段的单独结晶或两段都不结晶。因此,可通过改变嵌段含量,制备不同性能的材料,扩大聚乳酸的应用范围。     

基于自适应参数设置的AIMD算法

为提高TCP（Transfer Control Protocol）流的平均发送数率,减少发送数率的波动,提高网络性能,提出了一种基于自适应参数设置的AIMD（Additive Increase Multiplicative Decrease）算法（A-AIMD算法）。仿真结果表明,在网络处于稳态运行时,使用A-AIMD算法能提高TCP流的平均发送速率,减小发送速率的波动性;在网络中有可利用的链路资源时,使用A-AIMD算法能快速地对可用资源进行最大占用,同时与Reno算法保持一定的TCP友好性。     

Cephazoline sodium release from poly(N‐isopropyl acrylamide‐co‐N,N‐dimethylacrylamide) hydrogels

Hydrogels are hydrophilic polymers that swell to an equilibrium volume in the presence of water, preserving their shape. The dynamic swelling behavior of poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide‐co‐N,N‐dimethylacrylamide) [poly(NIPA‐co‐DMA)] copolymers at 37°C was investigated. It was observed that the swelling degree in the copolymers decreases with the N‐isopropylacrylamide content. In addition, the liberation mechanism was found to be Fickian. Diffusion coefficients according to Fick′s law as a function of the N‐isopropylacrylamide concentration and results of the release process are reported. The kinetics of cephazoline sodium release from poly(NIPA‐co‐DMA) hydrogels with different compositions was studied. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 91: 3433–3437, 2004     

高性能电极接头栓的研制

研制了高粘结强度、低电阻率、高渗透性能接头栓,并说明了改进的目标和方向。研究了电极接头栓的使用性能、主要作用和选用接头栓补救电极和接头连接质量的优点;研究了电极接头栓的原料选择、原料配比、添加剂和发泡剂的选取;确定了电极接头栓的生产技术要求和生产工艺流程。试验证明,研制的高性能接头栓具有高粘结、强固结、有效补强的作用。     

Two new aluminophosphates, IST-1 and IST-2: First examples of a dual templating role of water and methylamine in generating microporous structures

This study is aimed at exploring the ability of very small sized N-bearing molecules to generate and stabilize microporous aluminophosphates. Two new AlPO₄-n materials, called IST-1 and IST-2, have been obtained in aqueous media using, as main template, methylamine (MA), directly added, or generated in situ from methylformamide (MF) degradation. While IST-1 topology proved to be novel, IST-2 appears structurally related to AlPO₄-53(A). The obtained materials were characterized by powder XRD, TG/DSC, SEM and solid-state NMR. Tetraalkylammonium (TEA) cations were used as potential co-templates but only MA and water were found incorporated in the pore volumes of both structures, which argues for their true templating role. In IST-1, ¹³C solid-state NMR studies showed that half of MA species, presumably protonated, is H-bonded to framework oxygens while the other half surprisingly bonds directly to framework Al atoms. ¹³C NMR showed that only protonated MA occurs in IST-2 channels. TEA⁺ cations definitely do not play any specific template role. They indirectly favor the crystallization of IST-1 or IST-2 devoid from other crystalline or amorphous side phases, by interacting with part of the Al and P in solution and forming soluble [AlPO₄(OH)]–[TEA,HMA] complexes, substantially modifying the compositions of gels precursors to each phase during nucleation and/or growth steps. While both IST-1 and IST-2 crystallize from gels of similar initial compositions, it was demonstrated that the new MA/T ratio (T = Al or P) obtained after in situ complexation was the key parameter that specifically governs the crystallization of each phase.     

Rheological behavior of reactive blending of epoxidized natural rubber with cassava starch and epoxidized natural rubber with natural rubber and cassava starch

Epoxidized natural rubbers (ENR‐25 and ENR‐45) were prepared using the performic epoxidation method. Two‐component (ENR–cassava starch) and three‐component (ENR–NR–cassava starch) blends were prepared. ENR‐25 and ENR‐45 were blended with various quantities of gelatinized cassava starch in the latex state. The pure ENR exhibited lower shear stress and shear viscosity than those of the blends with cassava starch. Furthermore, the shear stress and shear viscosity were increased with an increase in the cassava starch concentration. The chemical interaction between the epoxide groups in the ENR and the hydroxyl groups in the cassava starch molecules might be the reason for the increasing trends of the shear stress and shear viscosity. The blends are classified as compatible blends because of the strong chemical bonding between different phases. SEM micrographs were used to clarify the compatibility. Power law behavior with pluglike flow profiles was observed for all sets of ENR–NR–cassava starch blends. Very low power law index values (<0.34) and highly pseudoplastic fluid behavior were also observed. The log additive rule was applied to plots of zero shear viscosity (consistency index) and the shear viscosity versus the concentration of ENR‐25. Positive deviation blending was observed, which indicates compatible blends. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 91: 1752–1762, 2004     

低苯乙烯散发不饱和聚酯树脂研究

用单官能团醇对不饱和聚酯树脂改性，合成了苯乙烯质量分数为30％和W01树脂，对W01树脂的挥发性和反应性进行了测定，研究了成膜助剂对01树脂性能的影响，并与通用型191树脂和一种亚克力板层间粘合用不饱和聚酯树脂进行了比较；指出结合成膜助剂的W01树脂进一步降低苯乙烯的散发。     

稀土塑料助剂开发与应用研究进展

稀土元素具有特殊的电子结构和独特的物理 化学特性,已获得广泛的应用。近年来的研究显示,稀土化合物在改进塑料加工、使用性能及赋予其新功能等方面也具有独特而显著的功效并具有毒性低的优点。综述了稀土化合物作为塑料热稳定剂、填充改性剂、偶联剂、光敏催化剂、转光剂以及彩色颜料应用的研究进展。