Range Unit‐Root (RUR) Tests: Robust against Nonlinearities,Error Distributions,Structural Breaks and Outliers

Abstract. Since the seminal paper by Dickey and Fuller in 1979, unit‐root tests have conditioned the standard approaches to analysing time series with strong serial dependence in mean behaviour, the focus being placed on the detection of eventual unit roots in an autoregressive model fitted to the series. In this paper, we propose a completely different method to test for the type of long‐wave patterns observed not only in unit‐root time series but also in series following more complex data‐generating mechanisms. To this end, our testing device analyses the unit‐root persistence exhibited by the data while imposing very few constraints on the generating mechanism. We call our device the range unit‐root (RUR) test since it is constructed from the running ranges of the series from which we derive its limit distribution. These nonparametric statistics endow the test with a number of desirable properties, the invariance to monotonic transformations of the series and the robustness to the presence of important parameter shifts. Moreover, the RUR test outperforms the power of standard unit‐root tests on near‐unit‐root stationary time series; it is invariant with respect to the innovations distribution and asymptotically immune to noise. An extension of the RUR test, called the forward–backward range unit‐root (FB‐RUR) improves the check in the presence of additive outliers. Finally, we illustrate the performances of both range tests and their discrepancies with the Dickey–Fuller unit‐root test on exchange rate series.     

生物质功能整理剂的研究进展

传统的功能整理剂都是通过有机合成技术制备得到的,部分会对人体构成潜在的伤害,因此开发生态保健的生物质功能整理剂具有重要的的意义。生物质功能整理剂是从生物体中提取获得的,因此具有绿色安全、生态环保以及可生物降解等众多优势。对生物质功能整理剂在纺织染整行业中的应用进行了综述,并对将来的发展趋势进行了展望。     

金属蛋白助剂在大豆蛋白纤维过氧化氢漂白中的应用研究

探讨了金属蛋白助剂质量的浓度、过氧化氢质量浓度、硅酸钠等其它助剂质量浓度及漂白温度、漂白时间等因素对大豆蛋白纤维漂白效果的影响,确定出了金属蛋白助剂在过氧化氢漂白大豆蛋白纤维应用中的最佳催化漂白工艺,其为:金属蛋白助剂为2g/L,30%过氧化氢为15ml/L,硅酸钠为6g/L,精练剂为0.13g/L,在75℃下保温处理60min。并评价催化漂白新工艺的效果。结果表明,加入适量金属蛋白助剂可以提高过氧化氢对大豆蛋白纤维漂白的白度,并且提高纤维的保水率,但与未处理纤维相比,催化漂白新工艺处理的纤维强力降低了4.25%,断裂伸长率增加17.65%。     

增材制造技术粉床的数值模拟与分析

选择性激光烧结等增材制造工艺中粉床特性对成型工艺有重要影响。针对颗粒粒径分布类型和层厚等对粉床特性有影响的问题,通过分析增材制造技术中粉床填充过程,提出了一种基于离散元法的增材制造粉床的数值模拟分析方法,分析论述了不同粒径分布和不同层厚对粉床填充性能的影响。结果表明：单一粒径粉床和粒径高斯分布粉床的填充密度和平均配位系数均随着层厚的增大而增大,最后趋于稳定;单一粒径粉床和粒径高斯分布粉床的填充密度和平均配位系数在层厚为80μm和400μm时均大致相等,在其它层厚时,粒径高斯分布粉床的填充密度高于单一粒径粉床的填充密度,且差值随着层厚的增大先增大后减小;单一粒径粉床的平均配位系数高于粒径高斯分布粉床的平均配位系数,且差值随着层厚的增大先增大后减小。这些研究结果可为增材制造粉床颗粒粒径分布类型和层厚选取提供参考依据。     

Water vapor adsorption in activated carbon modified with hydrophilic organic salts

Five different kinds of hydrophilic organic salts were used to modify commercial activated carbon in order to prepare hydrophilic carbon materials. Properties of the samples were analyzed by surface area analyzer and SEM-EDX. The hydrophilic organic salts with different properties were introduced into activated carbon and significantly affected the properties of the samples.During adsorption experiments, the water vapor adsorption amount in modified samples increases by 0.57-17.12 times in temperature range from 303 to 323 K and at relative pressure below 0.50. Water molecules combined with surface hydrophilic groups through H-bonding exhibit good thermo stability. The effects of temperature, oxygen content and properties of the hydrophilic organic salts on water vapor adsorption were studied. It is indicated that water vapor adsorption in modified samples is mainly affected by the surface oxygen content. The carboxylate radicals in the hydrophilic organic salts greatly affect the micropore structure of the modified samples, while the metal ions in them exhibit limited influence. Different adsorption capacity of modified samples can be explained with the electronegativity of elements presented by Pauling.     

增材制造椭圆锥齿轮的齿面与齿距误差分析

为提高椭圆锥齿轮增材制造的加工精度,减少其加工误差,对增材制造加工的椭圆锥齿轮进行误差测量,并分析误差产生的原因．运用齿轮啮合空间传动原理及增材制造的基本原理,建立了椭圆锥齿轮空间啮合坐标系、增材加工坐标系、分层模型、椭圆锥齿轮的理论误差模型和误差检测模型;对椭圆锥齿轮进行前处理分析,并对增材制造过程进行研究,获得该齿轮增材制造的加工方法;采用超景深三维显微系统和三坐标测量机对该齿轮进行检测,分析其表面误差精度与齿距误差．结果表明:利用增材制造法加工的椭圆锥齿轮误差偏大;优化STL模型,减小金属粉末直径,减少激光半径和热效应对加工层的影响,均有助于提高增材制造加工精度．     

关于减法补数复合函数的均值估计

用初等方法和解析方法研究类似于Smarandache减法补数的复合函数性质,获得了3个较强的均值公式,完善了加法补函数与减法补函数在数论中的研究和运用。     

×Synergistic action of non-solvent induced phase separation in preparation of poly（vinyl butyral） hollow fiber membrane via thermally induced phase separation

A systematic study of air gap distance effects on the structure and properties of poly（vinyl butyral） hollow fiber membrane via thermally induced phase separation （TIPS） has been carried out. The results show that the hollow fiber membrane prepared at air gap zero has no skin layer; the pore size near the outer surface is larger than that near the inner surface; and the special pore channel-like structure near the outer surface is formed, which is quite different with the typical sponge-like structure caused by TIPS and the finger-like structure caused by non-solvent induced phase separation （NIPS）, because of the synergistic action of non-solvent induced phase separation at air gap zero. The pore size gradually decreases from outer surface layer to the intermediate layer, but increases gradually from intermediate layer to the inner surface layer. With the increase of air gap distance, the pore size near the outer surface gets smaller and a dense skin layer is formed, and the pore size gradually increases from the outer surface layer to the inner surface layer. Water permeability of the hollow fiber membrane decreases with air gap distance, the water permeability decreases sharply from 45.50× 10^-7 to 4.52× 10^-7 m^3/（m^2-s.kPa） as air gap increases from 0 to 10 mm at take-up speed of 0.236 m/s, further decreases from 4.52×10^-7 to 1.00×10 ^-8m^3/（m^2.s·kPa） as the air gap increases from 10 to 40 mm. Both the breaking strength and the elongation increase with the increase of air gap distance. The breaking strength increases from 2.25 MPa to 4.19 MPa and the elongation increases from 33.9% to 132.6% as air gap increases from 0 mm to 40 mm at take-up speed 0.236 m/s.     

尿素/添加剂湿法脱硝技术的研究进展

燃煤电厂排放的NOx对环境造成了严重的污染。通过研究,尿素添加剂湿法烟气脱氮技术可以应用于火电厂锅炉烟气的治理过程。结合尿素/添加剂湿法脱硝工艺机理,系统的介绍了不同添加剂对应的脱硝反应原理,分析了添加剂不同时反应机理的差异,指出不同添加剂情况下影响脱硝效率的问题,并针对我国国情对尿素/添加剂湿法脱硝工艺的发展方向提供了建议。尿素湿法脱硝工艺流程简单,并且没有二次污染,同时,添加剂对尿素湿法脱硝有着很重要的作用。     

增材制造的研究现状与发展趋势

增材制造（Additive Manufacturing,AM）技术,直接将材料逐渐叠加形成所需要的零件,也称作3D打印,是目前国内外研究的热点,也有人将其称为引起第三次工业革命的新兴制造技术。回顾了增材制造的发展历程,介绍了增材制造的主要类型,论述了国内外发展现状,分析了增材制造的关键技术、发展中的关键问题及其发展趋势。