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41.
1,3,5‐Triglyceratetriazine [first tier (G1)] and tri(1,3,5‐triglycerate) triazine [second tier (G2)] dendrimers were prepared with 1,3,5‐trichlorotriazine and sodium glycerate in a 1 : 3 mass ratio in an ethanolic medium.G1 and G2 were amorphous, white, solid substances. Their structures were elucidated with IR, 1H‐NMR, and 13C‐NMR, and their thermal stability was studied with thermogravimetric analysis. The activation energy was calculated with the Freeman–Carroll model. Densities, viscosities, and surface tensions for 0.01–0.08 mol/kg aqueous solutions increased at 0.01 mol/kg for sodium glycerate, 1,3,5‐trichlorotriazine, 1,3,5‐triazine triglycerate chloride, G1, and G2. These values were measured at 298.15 K. The apparent molal volume, reduced viscosity, and inherent viscosity were calculated from the densities and viscosities, respectively. The data were regressed for the limiting densities, limiting apparent molal volumes, intrinsic viscosities, limiting inherent viscosities, and limiting surface tensions for solute–solvent interactions. The positive limiting apparent molal volume values were noted in the order of G2 > 1,3,5‐triazine triglycerate chloride > G1 > 1,3,5‐trichlorotriazine > sodium glycerate, with weaker hydrophilic intermolecular interactions of G2. The higher intrinsic viscosity and limiting inherent viscosity values for G2 implied stronger G2–H2O hydrophilic interactions, and the higher limiting apparent molal volume of G2 indicated slightly higher dynamic conformational changes in comparison with G1, with stronger structural activities. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008 相似文献
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Graft copolymers of sodium alginate (NaAlg) with N‐vinyl‐2‐pyrrolidone were prepared using azobisisobutyronitrile as initiator. The graft copolymers (NaAlg‐g‐PVP) were characterized with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and differential scanning calorimetry. Polymeric hydrogel beads of NaAlg and NaAlg‐g‐PVP were prepared by crosslinking method using glutaraldehyde (GA) as a crosslinker in the hydrochloric acid catalyst (HCl) and these beads were used to deliver anti‐inflammatory drug, indomethacin (IM). Chemical stability of the IM after encapsulation into beads was confirmed by FTIR. Preparation conditions of the NaAlg‐g‐PVP beads were optimized by considering the percentage entrapment efficiency, particle size, swelling capacity and their release data. In vitro release studies were performed in simulated gastric fluid (pH 1.2) for the initial 2 h, followed by simulated intestinal fluid (pH 7.4) for 4 h. Effects of GA concentration, exposure time to GA, drug/polymer (d/p) ratio, and concentration of HCl on the release of IM were discussed. It was observed that IM release from the beads decreased with increasing GA concentration and exposure time. IM release also decreases with increasing d/p ratio and HCl concentration. The highest IM release was obtained to be 77% for beads crosslinked with 0.027M GA. Swelling experiments were also performed to compute molecular mass between crosslinks of the beads. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008 相似文献
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Danny Barash Tamar Schlick Moshe Israeli Ron Kimmel 《Journal of Mathematical Imaging and Vision》2003,19(1):33-48
Operator splitting is a powerful concept used in many diversed fields of applied mathematics for the design of effective numerical schemes. Following the success of the additive operator splitting (AOS) in performing an efficient nonlinear diffusion filtering on digital images, we analyze the possibility of using multiplicative operator splittings to process images from different perspectives.We start by examining the potential of using fractional step methods to design a multiplicative operator splitting as an alternative to AOS schemes. By means of a Strang splitting, we attempt to use numerical schemes that are known to be more accurate in linear diffusion processes and apply them on images. Initially we implement the Crank-Nicolson and DuFort-Frankel schemes to diffuse noisy signals in one dimension and devise a simple extrapolation that enables the Crank-Nicolson to be used with high accuracy on these signals. We then combine the Crank-Nicolson in 1D with various multiplicative operator splittings to process images. Based on these ideas we obtain some interesting results. However, from the practical standpoint, due to the computational expenses associated with these schemes and the questionable benefits in applying them to perform nonlinear diffusion filtering when using long timesteps, we conclude that AOS schemes are simple and efficient compared to these alternatives.We then examine the potential utility of using multiple timestep methods combined with AOS schemes, as means to expedite the diffusion process. These methods were developed for molecular dynamics applications and are used efficiently in biomolecular simulations. The idea is to split the forces exerted on atoms into different classes according to their behavior in time, and assign longer timesteps to nonlocal, slowly-varying forces such as the Coulomb and van der Waals interactions, whereas the local forces like bond and angle are treated with smaller timesteps. Multiple timestep integrators can be derived from the Trotter factorization, a decomposition that bears a strong resemblance to a Strang splitting. Both formulations decompose the time propagator into trilateral products to construct multiplicative operator splittings which are second order in time, with the possibility of extending the factorization to higher order expansions. While a Strang splitting is a decomposition across spatial dimensions, where each dimension is subsequently treated with a fractional step, the multiple timestep method is a decomposition across scales. Thus, multiple timestep methods are a realization of the multiplicative operator splitting idea. For certain nonlinear diffusion coefficients with favorable properties, we show that a simple multiple timestep method can improve the diffusion process. 相似文献
45.
海洋钻井液有机物添加剂生物降解性评价 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
随着海洋石油的勘探开发,钻井液有机添加剂不可避免地进入海洋.因此在海洋勘探开发过程中应选择环保性能好,即生物降解性能好的有机物添加剂。用累计耗氧量法测定了海洋钻井液有机添加剂的生物降解性,研究评价了有机添加剂的生物降解规律和机理,探讨了有机物生物降解性同其化学结构的内在联系,为海洋勘探开发过程中选择环保性能好的有机物添加剂提供理论依据。总结实验结果发现:淀粉类(如DFD-140和FI-E1等)最容易生物降解;其次是纤维素类(如MV-CMC等)和烯类单体聚合物(如PAM和PHP);而沥青类、两性离子类则难以生物降解,有的甚至对生物降解起抑制作用。 相似文献
46.
十二烷硫基硼酸铈的合成及摩擦学行为研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
合成了油溶性化合物十二烷硫基硼酸铈(简称CeDMB),并用作润滑油添加剂。采用四球摩擦试验机和环—块试验机评价了其抗磨减摩性能。结果表明,十二烷硫基硼酸铈使HVI500基础油的抗磨性能得到明显改善,承载能力明显提高,摩擦系数明显降低。扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察证实磨斑表面含有沉积物膜,结合X—射线光电子能谱(XPS)分析,可以推断添加剂在摩擦过程中发生摩擦化学反应,生成的Ce2O3、CeO2和B2O3沉积在摩擦副表面,形成润滑膜,从而改善其抗磨减摩性能。 相似文献
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从水泥、粗细集料、水、外加剂等方面阐述了试验室对拌合站所用原材料的质量控制,论述了试验室对拌合站计量设备的质量管理,并对拌合站混凝土的质量控制、混凝土试件制作等方面进行了介绍,以真正的管理好混凝土拌合站。 相似文献
49.
金属表面柴油机油沉积物的反射红外光谱法研究 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
利用镜反射红外光谱法研究了CC级柴油机油中添加剂对成漆板板面漆膜组成的影响:考察了成漆板漆膜组成与Cat.1H2活塞环台漆膜组成的相关性。试验结果对柴油机油的研制和应用有一定指导作用。 相似文献
50.
韶冶烧结制粒技术改造与生产实践 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
曾平生 《有色冶金设计与研究》2007,28(4):1-4
针对韶关冶炼厂烧结系统制粒过程的现状,详细论述了从工艺和设备两方面进行的一系列技术改造,生产实践证明通过技改措施,大大提高了烧结机的综合生产能力。 相似文献