羟基磷灰石生物材料的第一原理计算

通过密度泛函理论计算来研究原子尺度羟基磷灰石晶体结构和电子结构.结果表明,羟基磷灰石为P63空间群六方单胞,点阵参数为a=0.9302nm、b=0.9303nm、c=0.6770nm,α=90°、β=90°、γ=120°.单胞总态密度主要是由各原子s,p,d电子态组成,费米能级主要是氧的2p4轨道的贡献,表明单胞结构中氧的2p电子最活泼.将优化后结构的衍射图谱和实验衍射图谱进行了比较,匹配较好.     

有机浆料发泡法制备多孔羟基磷灰石

本文以湿法合成的羟基磷灰石粉体为原料,采用树脂、异氰酸与水发泡工艺制备多孔生物陶瓷材料。采用浆料发泡法制得的生物陶瓷材料具有三维无序孔和二维直通孔复合结构,其总气孔率可达70%～85%;宏观孔径主要分布在0.3～0.6mm之间,微观孔径主要分布在1～3μm之间,抗压强度可达0.85MPa。通过控制烧结温度,可以调节生物陶瓷材料中羟基磷灰石(HAP)和β-磷酸三钙(β-TCP)的成分配比,从而使之满足多孔生物陶瓷材料生物相容性和生物降解性的要求。     

β钛合金微弧氧化膜制备及其在人体模拟液中腐蚀性能研究

采用微弧氧化技术在TiNbZrFe合金表面制备出含钙磷成分的多孔氧化膜,通过人体模拟液浸泡的方法诱导生成羟基磷灰石,并利用电化学阻抗谱（EIS）研究其在人体模拟液中浸泡不同时间后的耐腐蚀性能．结果表明,经400V电压微弧氧化后TiNbZrFe合金表面氧化膜的形貌与成分达到最优化,且明显有α-Ca3（PO4）2 相生成;α-Ca3（PO4）2 相能够起到良好的诱导生成羟基磷灰石（HA）的作用,在人体模拟液中浸泡1d后,通过XRD检测出有HA相生成,导致微弧氧化膜层表面的微孔被诱导生成物覆盖填充明显,较小微孔完全消失;随着浸泡时间的延长,经过微弧氧化膜诱导生成的HA涂层不断增厚,EIS结果表明其具有良好的隔绝渗透作用,能够阻碍腐蚀性介质在溶液和金属界面之间扩散和迁移,从而起到保护基体抗腐蚀的作用．     

鳙鱼鱼鳞盐酸脱钙工艺及动力学研究

鱼鳞脱钙是从鱼鳞中提取胶原蛋白的重要的前处理过程。以鳙鱼鱼鳞为对象、盐酸溶液为脱钙剂、羟基磷酸钙消耗速率为目标,采用单因素实验方法分别考察了反应时间、羟基磷酸钙浓度、盐酸溶液浓度和反应温度对羟基磷酸钙消耗速率的影响并确定了最佳工艺条件分别为40 min、0.017 4 mol·L-1、0.5 mol·L-1和20℃。在最佳工艺条件下,羟基磷酸钙消耗速率为3.744 9×10-4mol·L-1·min-1,相应的脱钙率为86.20%。建立了盐酸脱钙的动力学方程,模型反映了羟基磷酸钙消耗速率随羟基磷酸钙浓度、盐酸溶液浓度与温度的变化关系,其理论值与实验值基本吻合,可用于过程调节、产品控制和预测不同条件下羟基磷酸钙的反应消耗速率。     

High-velocity oxyfuel thermal spray coatings for biomedical applications

Plasma spraying is used to produce most commercially available bioceramic coatings for dental implants; however, these coatings still contain some inadequacies. Two types of coatings produced by the high- velocity oxyfuel (HVOF) combustion spray process using commercially available hydroxyapatite (HA) and fluorapatite (FA) powders sprayed onto titanium were characterized to determine whether this relatively new coating process can be applied to bioceramic coatings. Diffuse reflectance Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, x- ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to characterize the composition, microstructure, and morphology of the coatings. The XRD and FTIR techniques revealed an apatitic structure for both HA and FA coatings. However, XRD patterns indicated some loss in crystallinity of the coatings due to the spraying process. Results from FTIR showed a loss in the intensity of the OH^∼ and F^∼ groups due to HVOF spraying; the phosphate groups, however, were still present. Analysis by SEM showed a coating morphology similar to that obtained with plasma spraying, with complete coverage of the titanium substrate. Interfacial SEM studies revealed an excellent coating-to-substrate apposition. These results indicate that with further optimization the HVOF thermal spray process may offer another method for producing bioceramic coatings.     

气电纺制备新型纳米材料及骨细胞相容性研究

探索纳米羟基磷灰石（n—HA）与聚醚砜（PES）电纺的最佳比例，制备新型纳米材料，并探讨其骨细胞相容性。分别以n-HA／PES：20／80，15／85，10／90（质量分数，下同），PES22％为电纺的比例，用N，N．二甲基甲酰胺（DMF）作溶剂，通过气电幼的方法制备了纳米羟基磷灰石与聚醚砜的复合纳米材料，运用扫描电镜、X射线能谱分析等方法进行检测，并在制得的纳米材料上接种成骨细胞，发现当n—HA与PES比例为10／90时，纺丝效果较好，纤维分布均匀；接种成骨细胞后，与阴性对照组比较，细胞在增殖上具有优势。从而证明气电纺制备的n—HA／PES纳米材料具有良好的骨细胞相容性。     

Microstructural Analysis and Photocatalytic Activity of Plasma-Sprayed Titania-Hydroxyapatite Coatings

Hydroxyapatite (HAp Ca₁₀(PO₄)₆(OH)₂) is known to be a biomaterial and an adsorbent for chromatography. In this study, HAp was agglomerated with anatase TiO₂ to manufacture thermal-spray powders to improve the adsorption activity of TiO₂, and then to improve its photocatalytic activity. The microstructures, compositions and photocatalytic activity of plasma-sprayed TiO₂, TiO₂-10%HAp, TiO₂-30%HAp, and HAp coatings were investigated. Due to the low thermal conductivity of HAp compound, not all HAp particles fully melted even under the arc current of 800 A. The addition of HAp inhibited the phase transformation of anatase TiO₂ to rutile. Under the arc current of 600 A, the anatase content in the TiO₂, TiO₂-10%HAp and TiO₂-30%HAp coatings was 11, 20 and 42%, respectively. With the increasing of the spraying distance from 70 to 110 mm, the anatase content in the TiO₂-30%HAp coatings decreased from 34 to 17% under arc current of 700 A. Furthermore, a slight decomposition of HAp to α-Ca₃(PO₄)₂ was found in the TiO₂-30%HAp coatings, it did not decompose to CaO and P₂O₅ according to the XRD and EDAX analysis. The addition of the secondary gas of helium had no significant influence on the melting state of the TiO₂-HAp feedstock powders. Moreover, the HAp in the TiO₂-10%HAp and TiO₂-30%HAp coatings had adsorption characteristic to acetaldehyde. The photocatalytic activity of TiO₂-10%HAp coating was highest among TiO₂, TiO₂-10%HAp, and TiO₂-30%HAp coatings sprayed under the arc current of 600 A for the optimum adsorption property and anatase content. This article is an invited paper selected from presentations at the 2007 International Thermal Spray Conference and has been expanded from the original presentation. It is simultaneously published in Global Coating Solutions, Proceedings of the 2007 International Thermal Spray Conference, Beijing, China, May 14-16, 2007, Basil R. Marple, Margaret M. Hyland, Yuk-Chiu Lau, Chang-Jiu Li, Rogerio S. Lima, and Ghislain Montavon, Ed., ASM International, Materials Park, OH, 2007.     

利用Ca（NO3）2-P2O5乙醇溶液体系制备纳米羟基磷灰石

使用Ca（NO3）2-P2O5乙醇溶液体系制备纳米羟基磷灰石，研究了在该体系中水浴温度、煅烧温度、陈化时间等因素对粉体的相成分，粒度和结晶度的影响。结果表明：水浴温度低，合成的粉体粒度小（约20nm），颗粒均匀且具有良好的分散性，但是结晶度较低；陈化后导致粉体粒度变大，结晶度增加；随着煅烧温度的升高，粉体的结晶度增加，600℃时可以得到结晶高的单一的羟基磷灰石粉体。在800℃煅烧时，羟基磷灰石发生部分分解。     

Electronic microscopy analysis of HAP single crystals prepared by hydrothermal method

Hydroxyapatite(HAP,Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2in one of the quite important bone implant materials.The hydroxyapatite crystals were synthesized under hydrothermal condition.The specimen was verified to be HAP crystal by the X-ray powder diffractometry(XRD).Then the specimen was distinguished single crystal from polycrystal by the use of the transmission electron microscope(TEM).The diffraction pattern of the specimen is neatly affanged diffraction spots,that verified the crystals were single crystals.The interplanar distance d calculated from diffraction spot is coincided with that of HAP‘s JCPD card.Moreover,crystal face angles calculated from crystal face index are coincided with the values by measuring on the pattern.The HAP crystals are needle-like in shape with about 3μm in diameter and 180μm in length.Most of the crystals are whiskers.Their length/diameter ratio ranges from 40 to 100.The average ratio is about 60.