丹江口水库变动回水区冲淤特性分析

 建库后的库区河床是水库淤积重新塑造的河床,其河势不仅与冲积河道有明显不同,而且与原来的天然河道也有很大的差别,具有水库与河道的两重性。由于各年坝前最高及最低水位运用不同,因此,各年的回水变动范围也不固定,其泥沙冲淤的范围及强度也有所不同。为了了解其冲淤特性,利用丹江口水库运用36年来实测资料,通过计算分析认为：变动回水区在年内具有汛、枯期两大造床期,泥沙冲淤具有两冲一淤的周期性冲淤特点,沿程遵循由不平衡输沙至平衡输沙的冲淤规律。变动回水区的淤积是自上而下逐段发展,动平衡库段也是自上而下逐渐发展;在动平衡库段内,消落期沿程只有顺直及弯道（狭谷）2种相间的单槽河型,最终变动回水区淤积河床向着均匀形态的方向发展。     

长江口北槽潮波对地形变化的响应研究

以长江口北槽为研究背景,建立了二维潮流数学模型,在模型验证良好的基础上,研究了北槽潮波传播对工程与地形变化的响应。研究表明,长江口深水航道治理工程完成后,北槽地形未发生调整前,北槽潮波高、低潮位均升高,潮差减小,涨、落潮相位明显滞后,潮波变形加剧,涨落急流速均呈增大趋势;北槽水深增加后,高、低潮位随之降低,潮差增大,落潮相位略有提前,涨潮相位变化相对较小,潮波变形逐渐趋缓,涨急流速减弱,落急流速增强。     

EXPERIMENTS OF SEA ICE SIMULATION

As a substitute for the original displaced pole grids, a simple rotated spherical coordinate system was intro duced into the Community Sea Ice Model version 4（CSIM4）, which is a component of the Community Climate System Model（CCSM） of the American National Center of Atmospheric Researeh（NCAR）, to deal with the ＂pole problems＂. In the new coordinates, both the geographical North Pole and South Pole lie in the model equator and grid sizes near the polar region are more uniform. With reanalysis dataset of American National Centers for Environment Prediction （NCEP） and Levitus dataset without considering sub-mixed layer heat flux, the model was integrated for 100 years with thermodynamics proce.ss involved only in the former 49 years and both dynamic and thermodynamic processes involved in the left time. Inner consistency of model results was checked with no contradiction found. The results of last 10 years＇ model output were analyzed and it is shown that the simulated sea ice seasonal variation is rational whereas sea ice extent in the Barcnts Sea in winter is larger than that of observation, Numerical experiment on influence of sub-mixed layer heat flux was also carried out and it is shown that the sub-mixed layer heat flux can modulate seasonal variation of sea ice greatly. As a model component, the sea ice model with rotated spherical coordinates was coupled with other models （the oceanic general cir culation model is the LASG/IAP Climate System Ocean Model （LICOM） with reduced grid, other models are components of NCAR CCSM2） forming a climate system model and its preliminary results were also given briefly.     

大庆水库冰表面温度特征及其在冰工程实践应用方法探讨

根据冰面热平衡方程并以大庆红旗泡水库冰面观测的气温、太阳辐射、风速、相对湿度、冰厚数据以及水库附近安达气象站记录的云量、湿度和海平面气压数据,求解了2009/2010年度冬季的冰表面温度,并分析了冰表面温度特征及其同太阳辐射之间的关系、同气温、风速之间的响应关系。在此基础上,就传统考虑的抗冰工程设计所需的设计冰表面温度进行了评估;就日益增加的安全用冰工程设计所需冰表面温度取值也给予定量讨论;对气候变化下的冰内和冰下水体生态适应问题所需的冰面温度日内变化速率和开河期冰凌爆破所需冰表面温度的取值也进行探索。尽管受国际气象资料观测规定的限制,历史资料的应用存在利用接近观测时刻资料的事实,但仍然期望这些分析和讨论能够推动科学地、更广阔地应用冰表面温度。     

Simulation and analysis of ice processes in an artificial open channel

The Middle Route Project for South-to-North Water Transfer, which consists of a long artificial open channel and various hydraulic constructions, is a big water conveyance system. A numerical modeling of water conveyance in the ice period for such large-scale and long distance water transfer project is developed based on the integration of a river ice model and an unsteady flow model with complex inner boundaries. A simplified method to obtain the same flow discharge in the upstream and downstream of the structure by neglecting the storage effect is proposed for dealing with the inner boundaries. According to the measured and design data in winter-spring period, the whole ice process, which includes the formation of the ice cover, its development, the melting and the breaking up as well as the ice-water dynamic response during the gate operation for the middle route, is simulated. The ice characteristics and the water conveyance capacity are both analyzed and thus the hydraulic control conditions for a safety regulation are obtained. At last, the uncertainties of some parameters related to the ice model are discussed.     

南水北调中线总干渠渠道衬砌施工试验研究

结合南水北调工程对渠道衬砌的施工质量和工程进度要求,对衬砌试验段的施工进行分析,证明了采用机械化渠道衬砌可以加快进度、保证质量、节约成本。     

长洲水利枢纽三线四线船闸上游引航道渥庙河排水渠设计

上游引航道渥庙河排水渠通过排水渠潜孔结构和水力学设计方法,将渥庙河来流量排入上游引航道底部的同时,很好地满足了引航道内船舶、船队航行和停泊的安全要求。排水渠施工时采用预留土堤作为围堰挡水,施工简便,施工进度快。此外,相对于其它远引排泄方案,此排水渠设计方案大大减少了征地与结构工程费用。     

复式断面河槽流速横向分布及其对滩唇形成的影响

通过对水流微小控制体进行受力分析,建立了复式断面流速横向分布模型,该模型考虑了侧向副流惯性力的影响。采用实验资料对该模型进行检验,模型计算值与实测值符合较好。运用该模型计算了不同条件下复式断面流速和挟沙力的横向分布,并定量分析了横向分布特性对滩唇形成的影响。分析表明,水流漫滩时,复式断面的横向挟沙力变幅较大,尤其是在主槽和河漫滩交界处,挟沙力减小迅速,而含沙量减小相对较小,泥沙发生淤积,容易形成滩唇。单从水流挟沙力角度考虑,水流漫滩后水深越小、滩槽的糙率差越大,越容易形成滩唇。     

Study of Flow Over Side Weirs Under Supercritical Conditions

The present study focuses on the application of momentum principle to the analysis of spatially varied flow under supercritical conditions. Experimental studies were conducted on rectangular side weirs of different lengths and sill heights fitted in the test section of a rectangular aluminium channel that was built in a tilting flume. Measurements of discharges in the main channel and through the side weir were done separately. A pitot tube with direction finder was used to determine the velocities and angle of spill flow with the side weir. Depths of flow were measured both in longitudinal and transverse directions at regular intervals and their profiles were studied. Experiments were conducted with different test plates and flow conditions in the main channel. Coefficients of discharge were computed using momentum principle for different Froude numbers (between 1.5 and 3). The variation of discharge coefficient of the side weir as a function of Froude number was found to exhibit a non-linear relationship. Discharges over side weirs were computed using the computed coefficients of discharge for different Froude numbers and it was verified with the observed discharges. Coefficients of discharge were also computed using energy principle for different Froude numbers. Chi-square test was done between observed discharges over side weirs and discharges computed using momentum and energy principles, it was found that momentum principle is fitting better. Variation of the ratios of longitudinal components of velocity vector of spill flow to the mean velocity of the main channel flow at upstream end of the side weir with Froude number was found to exhibit a non-linear relationship. Variation of the discharge ratios of spill flow and main channel discharges with Froude number was also studied.     

静冰压力对铰链式护坡系统作用的低温模型试验

通过低温模型试验模拟了冰盖的形成过程,测试了静冰压力、铰接块位移、冰盖厚度、温度等,建立了这些物理量与时间的关系。根据静冰压力的发展过程、变化原因评价了试验与自然环境的相似性。根据铰链式护坡系统在静冰压力作用下沿坡面位移变形和冰盖融化后的残余变形,评价了该护坡系统的稳定性以及该护坡系统作为柔性护岸结构适应变形的能力,分析了静冰压力、铰接块位移的发生、发展、消失过程和变化原因。试验结果表明:静冰压力作用下铰链式护坡系统沿坡面位移变形很小,冰盖融化后该护坡系统的残余变形也很小;铰链式护坡系统在静冰压力发生、发展和消失的过程中,能够适应岸基变形而不被破坏。