基于可变形模板匹配的变形字体识别

针对变形字体的识别问题,提出了一种基于形状上下文和模糊推理相结合的度量机制的变形字体识别方法。首先,在分析现行字体识别方法的基础上,提出了薄板样条曲线TPS与模糊推理相结合的相似性距离度量机制的总体思路;其次,描述了基于形状上下文的变形字体图像的特征提取过程;而后讨论了薄板样条曲线TPS与模糊推理相结合的相似性距离度量机制,并将其应用在变形字体的识别算法中。实验结果表明所提出的方法是有效的。     

真实形体微粒形体分布函数的动态光学测量方法

主流的微粒粒度分布测量仪器的工作原理为光散射原理,在前向光散射式微粒粒度分布的测量理论中往往都是以球模型代替真实的微粒.但是在实际测量中由于微粒形体的变化往往影响测量结果的准确性.对此,本文在以Mie散射理论为原理,依据前向接收器接收的前向散射光信息以获取微粒大小信息的测量基础上,对微粒穿越光敏区时的时域与空域的特征以及相关性开展了研究,从数学上定义了微粒的形体分布函数,提出了一种依据光散射功率谱和频谱分布特征来获取微粒形体分布信息的方法,完善了微扰修正理论的应用性,有效地改善了形体的影响问题,从而可提高微粒粒度分布测量结果的准确性.     

虚拟数字示波器测量激光脉冲波形的实验结果分析

利用ns级InGaAs/InP PIN光电二极管和20MHz虚拟数字示波器测量了氙灯和Nd:YAG激光器在氙灯泵浦下发出的光脉冲波形.比较测得的波形,可以得出结论,每一个激光脉冲均呈现出典型的弛豫振荡过程,与理论分析基本一致[1].与模拟示波器对比,虚拟数字示波器的分辨率高,读数准确,波形可存储,且信息处理方便.     

黄河内蒙古杭锦旗独贵塔拉奎素段凌汛期溃堤原因分析

2008年3月20日凌晨,内蒙古杭锦旗独贵塔拉奎素段黄河大堤发生溃堤,受灾面积106km^2,受灾群众10241人,直接经济损失达69120万元。通过分析溃堤原因,提出一系列防御和减轻黄河内蒙古河段凌灾损失的工程与非工程的建设措施．     

边坡局部稳定性变化规律的研究

现有边坡稳定性分析方法大多假定边坡滑面各部位的安全系数相等,既不能反映边坡潜在滑面上稳定系数的分布规律,也不符合工程实际情况。分别基于超载储备安全系数定义和强度储备安全系数定义研究了边坡局部稳定性变化规律,并分析了滑体条块数目以及滑面形状对边坡局部稳定性分布规律的影响。此外,还提出了由局部稳定系数求解整体稳定系数的加权方法。研究结果表明：滑体条块的划分数量对边坡局部稳定性的分布规律几乎没有影响,而滑面形状对其影响较大;取微段下滑力占各微段下滑力代数和的比值作为权重,是由边坡局部安全系数加权计算整体安全系数的最优加权方法。     

长距离输水渠道冰期运行控制研究

高纬度地区的渠道在冬季往往采用冰盖下输水,保证冰盖的稳定性是渠道冬季安全输水的前提条件。目前,渠道在冬季的运行控制多依靠经验,开展长距离渠道冰期运行控制研究对实现冰期安全输水是十分重要的。利用数值模拟的方法分析了长距离输水渠道的冰情和水情的变化过程,根据渠道内的冰情演变特性,提出冬季渠道应采用闸前常水位方式运行。鉴于气象预报以及冰情预报可能存在的不确定性,提出采用水位-流量串级的反馈控制算法,建立了渠道冰期运行控制模型,并在控制器内加入解耦环节,以提高渠道的控制效果。并通过南水北调中线干渠的数值模拟实验,对渠道冰期运行控制模型的控制效果进行了验证。结果表明,该冰期运行控制模型可以实现渠道冬季安全、适时、适量的供水目标。     

河冰单轴压缩破坏过程细观数值仿真

为了解并认知河冰材料的内在属性,对黄河封冻期的河冰进行了现场取样观测并开展了单轴抗压破坏过程的物理试验,依据物理试验结果,在细观层面将河冰看成由晶粒、晶界、初始缺陷构成的非均质材料,给出了随机缺陷界面弹簧元模型模拟河冰单轴压缩强度的数值方法,模拟了河冰在单轴受压荷载作用下的开裂破坏过程,分析了初始缺陷分布和含量、晶粒尺寸等各相组分对河冰力学性能的影响。结果表明:随着初始缺陷含量的增加,河冰单轴压缩强度呈下降趋势,但下降幅度逐渐变缓;随着晶粒尺寸的增加,河冰单轴压缩强度呈降低趋势,且与晶粒尺寸d-1/2呈线性相关关系。与物理试验对比发现,该计算模型能较好地模拟黄河冰的单轴压缩强度和开裂过程。     

Simulation and analysis of ice processes in an artificial open channel

The Middle Route Project for South-to-North Water Transfer, which consists of a long artificial open channel and various hydraulic constructions, is a big water conveyance system. A numerical modeling of water conveyance in the ice period for such large-scale and long distance water transfer project is developed based on the integration of a river ice model and an unsteady flow model with complex inner boundaries. A simplified method to obtain the same flow discharge in the upstream and downstream of the structure by neglecting the storage effect is proposed for dealing with the inner boundaries. According to the measured and design data in winter-spring period, the whole ice process, which includes the formation of the ice cover, its development, the melting and the breaking up as well as the ice-water dynamic response during the gate operation for the middle route, is simulated. The ice characteristics and the water conveyance capacity are both analyzed and thus the hydraulic control conditions for a safety regulation are obtained. At last, the uncertainties of some parameters related to the ice model are discussed.     

大庆水库冰表面温度特征及其在冰工程实践应用方法探讨

根据冰面热平衡方程并以大庆红旗泡水库冰面观测的气温、太阳辐射、风速、相对湿度、冰厚数据以及水库附近安达气象站记录的云量、湿度和海平面气压数据,求解了2009/2010年度冬季的冰表面温度,并分析了冰表面温度特征及其同太阳辐射之间的关系、同气温、风速之间的响应关系。在此基础上,就传统考虑的抗冰工程设计所需的设计冰表面温度进行了评估;就日益增加的安全用冰工程设计所需冰表面温度取值也给予定量讨论;对气候变化下的冰内和冰下水体生态适应问题所需的冰面温度日内变化速率和开河期冰凌爆破所需冰表面温度的取值也进行探索。尽管受国际气象资料观测规定的限制,历史资料的应用存在利用接近观测时刻资料的事实,但仍然期望这些分析和讨论能够推动科学地、更广阔地应用冰表面温度。     

EXPERIMENTS OF SEA ICE SIMULATION

As a substitute for the original displaced pole grids, a simple rotated spherical coordinate system was intro duced into the Community Sea Ice Model version 4（CSIM4）, which is a component of the Community Climate System Model（CCSM） of the American National Center of Atmospheric Researeh（NCAR）, to deal with the ＂pole problems＂. In the new coordinates, both the geographical North Pole and South Pole lie in the model equator and grid sizes near the polar region are more uniform. With reanalysis dataset of American National Centers for Environment Prediction （NCEP） and Levitus dataset without considering sub-mixed layer heat flux, the model was integrated for 100 years with thermodynamics proce.ss involved only in the former 49 years and both dynamic and thermodynamic processes involved in the left time. Inner consistency of model results was checked with no contradiction found. The results of last 10 years＇ model output were analyzed and it is shown that the simulated sea ice seasonal variation is rational whereas sea ice extent in the Barcnts Sea in winter is larger than that of observation, Numerical experiment on influence of sub-mixed layer heat flux was also carried out and it is shown that the sub-mixed layer heat flux can modulate seasonal variation of sea ice greatly. As a model component, the sea ice model with rotated spherical coordinates was coupled with other models （the oceanic general cir culation model is the LASG/IAP Climate System Ocean Model （LICOM） with reduced grid, other models are components of NCAR CCSM2） forming a climate system model and its preliminary results were also given briefly.