光合细菌生物膜制氢反应器的产氢特性

对光合细菌生物膜制氢反应器的产氢性能进行了实验研究,探讨了光照度、光谱和底物浓度对反应器产氢性能的影响.实验结果表明:光合细菌生物膜反应器内最适底物浓度为0.12mol/L,最佳光照度为5000 lx,过高或过低的底物浓度和光照度均对光合细菌产氢具有抑制作用;而光的波长对光合细菌产氢的最适底物浓度和最佳光照度均无影响.当底物浓度为0.12mol/L,光照度为5000 lx,波长为590 nm时,反应器的产氢率达到最高,为3.54mg/h.     

无极灯在玻璃企业照明中的应用

随着全球能源危机的愈发严重,资源的浪费、污染的加重、生态的破坏,人类的生存已面临严峻的挑战,倡导建设"节能型社会"已被全球多数国家认可,"节能、减排"已被列为世界各国的发展国策,无极灯节能环保,可推广之。     

Interferometer-based structured-illumination microscopy utilizing complementary phase relationship through constructive and destructive image detection by two cameras

In an interferometer-based fluorescence microscope, a beam splitter is often used to combine two emission wavefronts interferometrically. There are two perpendicular paths along which the interference fringes can propagate and normally only one is used for imaging. However, the other path also contains useful information. Here we introduced a second camera to our interferometer-based three-dimensional structured-illumination microscope (I(5)S) to capture the fringes along the normally unused path, which are out of phase by π relative to the fringes along the other path. Based on this complementary phase relationship and the well-defined phase interrelationships among the I(5)S data components, we can deduce and then computationally eliminate the path length errors within the interferometer loop using the simultaneously recorded fringes along the two imaging paths. This self-correction capability can greatly relax the requirement for eliminating the path length differences before and maintaining that status during each imaging session, which are practically challenging tasks. Experimental data is shown to support the theory.     

照明工程中定性与定量之间的转换研究

为了建立照明工程中主观感觉量与客观物理量之间的关系,利用广义的韦伯一费昔勒定律把照明工程中的定性问题与定量问题联系起来,并对于照明工程实际应用问题,推导出了由客观物理量得到相应主观感觉量的近似计算式。对广告照明的实例验证表明,该近似计算式的计算精度较高,与实际情况更为吻合。利用该近似计算式,采用解方程的方法可以求得在给定满意度水平条件下对应的照明水平,即由指定的主观感觉量求出相应的客观物理量,从而可以更合理地指导照明工程设计。     

厂房照明采用无极灯的设计方法

无极灯是集电子、电磁、真空技术于一体的一种高科技新型光源。本文分析了无极灯在使用寿命、节能效果、照明效果及后期维护、运行费用等方面的优势,从确定布灯方案、进行照度计算和照明线路设计等方面说明了厂房照明采用无极灯的设计方法,并列举了工程设计实例,提供了照度计算的经验公式和经验数据。     

大体量异型建筑低能耗照明设计与实施策略

建筑照明在建筑夜间的艺术效果、文化表达方面具有非常重要的作用,优秀的照明设计能够更准确地表达建筑意图、文化内涵、烘托建筑的性格与环境的气氛。大体量异型建筑具有独特的雕塑感形体,带给人强烈的视觉冲击与美的享受,其美的表达离不开精湛的建筑照明艺术设计。而环境破坏与资源枯竭是当今最受关注的世界性问题,大环境对建筑节能提出了新的要求。大体量异型建筑巨大的照明能耗是实现建筑节能目标的巨大障碍。内蒙古科技馆新馆借助合理的照明设计与计算机计算模拟等手段,整合了建筑艺术效果、文化表达、建筑节能以及经济性等方面,是值得研究借鉴的低能耗照明设计的优秀案例。     

基于混沌时间序列分析的飞机加油量计算方法

针对民航运输业中因加油量过多而导致的"油耗油"问题,结合飞行小时和小时油耗的实际意义,构建了基于飞行小时的飞机加油量计算方法。通过对2006—2014年B737-800飞机在2 000 km航段上的实际飞行小时和油耗的案例分析,借助混沌时间序列模型分析飞行小时的数值特征,基于海明距离和相似度选取邻域点,提出了改进的小数据量的加权零阶局域预测法。仿真结果表明:该方法的多步预测性能优于加权零阶预测法。选取某航空公司B737-800飞机航班案例和飞行小时的预测结果,验证飞机燃油加油量计算方法的有效性。结果表明:在相同的航程内,使用新方法后加油量可减少790～2 795 kg,估计降低油耗0.6%～1.47%。     

ApoTome光学成像系统

荧光显微镜已被广泛地应用于生物样本的荧光成像。然而在观察较厚样本时,来自非焦平面的荧光信息会使荧光图像变得模糊、对比度不够、背景较亮,甚至有的时候一些很重要的结构因此被掩盖而无法被观察到。目前有很多种光学切片方法可以用来去除这种非焦平面荧光的影响,例如激光共聚焦扫描显微技术或3D去卷积技术等。本文介绍了一种可以在普通荧光显微镜上实现光学切片成像的方法,并着重介绍了ApoTome光学成像系统的构造和原理。     

Recent research on stimulated emission depletion microscopy for reducing photobleaching

Stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy is a useful tool in investigation for super‐resolution realm. By silencing the peripheral fluorophores of the excited spot, leaving only the very centre zone vigorous for fluorescence, the effective point spread function (PSF) could be immensely squeezed and subcellular structures, such as organelles, become discernable. Nevertheless, because of the low cross‐section of stimulated emission and the short fluorescence lifetime, the depletion power density has to be extremely higher than the excitation power density and molecules are exposed in high risk of photobleaching. The existence of photobleaching greatly limits the research of STED in achieving higher resolution and more delicate imaging quality, as well as long‐term and dynamic observation. Since the first experimental implementation of STED microscopy, researchers have lift out variety of methods and techniques to alleviate the problem. This paper would present some researches via conventional methods which have been explored and utilised relatively thoroughly, such as fast scanning, time‐gating, two‐photon excitation (TPE), triplet relaxation (T‐Rex) and background suppression. Alternatively, several up‐to‐date techniques, especially adaptive illumination, would also be unveiled for discussion in this paper. The contrast and discussion of these modalities would play an important role in ameliorating the research of STED microscopy.     

基于光纹特征的激光主动照明图像去模糊

受光学系统离焦、大气扰动、平台振动的影响,激光主动照明系统捕获的图像容易被模糊,而传统的去模糊方法难以取得良好的复原效果,故本文提出基于光纹特征的盲解卷积复原方法来实现图像去模糊。首先将模糊图像降采样,建立尺度金字塔,在尺度空间查找光纹特征图像块。随后基于激光主动照明图像饱和像素较多的特点,提出新的图像退化模型。最后针对模糊核估计、光纹参数更新、清晰图像复原3个步骤,提出适用的能量函数,迭代复原出无噪清晰图像。搭建了主动照明系统,在捕获的激光主动照明图像上进行了实验,并与现有方法进行了对比。结果表明:本文方法不仅能够复原出清晰图像,而且能有效抑制振铃效应,其客观评价指标峰值信噪比(PSNR)优于已有的其他算法。