Stretchable Gold Tracks on Flat Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) Rubber Substrate

A process to fabricate stretchable gold tracks on silicone rubber substrates is studied by XPS, static water contact angle measurement, AFM, and SEM. The process involves several steps: removing uncured oligomers by hexane Soxhlet extraction; pre-stretching the substrate; activating the strained silicone surface by an oxygen plasma treatment; coating the strained substrate with 5 nm titanium and 80 nm gold layers; and finally releasing the sample. The plasma treatment creates a thin brittle silica-like layer that temporarily increases the substrate's surface energy. Indeed, the plasma treatment is followed by a hydrophobic recovery. As a consequence, the delay between plasma treatment and metal deposition has to be reduced as much as possible. The silica-like layer can be nicely observed after release. The entire process allows us to obtain stretchable metallized samples that remain conductive even after an excessive deformation leading to electrical failure.     

Effect of carbon surface oxidation on platinum supported carbon particles on the performance of gas diffusion electrodes for the oxygen reduction reaction

The effect of carbon surface oxidation on platinum supported carbon particles (Pt/C) with nitric acid was investigated by cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, polarization experiments and chronoamperometry. Cyclic voltammograms, polarization curves and electrochemical impedance spectra showed that the treated catalyst had much larger active surface area and higher ionic conductivity than the untreated catalyst, and provided enhanced performance for oxygen reduction. The formation of acidic groups was examined by IR spectra. The Pt/C surface oxidation had a large effect on the performance of a gas diffusion electrode for oxygen reduction reaction.     

Water and salt permeability of reinforcement polymer‐gel composite membrane

The charged mosaic polymer membrane (CMM) without reinforcement and the composite charged mosaic polymer membrane (CCMM) with reinforcement were investigated in terms of salt and water transport (permeability). The composite charged mosaic polymer membrane (CCMM) with reinforcement showed a unique transport behavior such as preferential material transport L_p and ω. Water permeability coefficient, L_p and salt permeability coefficient, ω were estimated by taking account of active layer thickness of composite polymer gel. The L_p and ω values of CCMM with reinforcement were larger than those of CMM without reinforcement. On the other hand, the reflection coefficient of CCMM, σ, showed negative value, which suggested preferential material transport to solvent transport. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008     

羊二庄油田二断块NgI3小层低阻油层识别

在精细地层对比的基础上 ,细分目的层段。利用 40多口井的测井数据 ,建立了纯水层以及NgI3潜力层的“RT -RXO”与“RT -AC”关系图版 ,消除了钻井液侵入对冲洗带电阻率和地层电阻率的影响 ,并以此为油层复查的标准 ,识别出 3个潜力层。经补孔证实 ,消除钻井液侵入的影响可以识别出电阻率值在 3Ω·m以上的薄油层。     

薄层隔热保温涂料的研制及应用

常规保温材料的研究以提高孔隙率、提高热阻、降低传导传热性能为主,但其对流传热及辐射传热较难降低。当今以传热机理改进保温材料及保温结构是重要发展方向。文章介绍了一种借鉴国外航天工业用高科技绝热涂层的技术思路,并结合国情研制成功的具有高辐射率的薄层隔热保温涂料,它可弥补常规保温材料的不足。该保温涂料以液态涂料方式存在,干燥后的涂层热阻较大,特别是热反射率高,可有效地降低辐射传热,施工方便,涂层薄,无接缝,附着力好,集防水隔热外护于一体。绝热等级为R21.1,热反射度0.79,热辐射率0.83,固含量54％,性能接近国外同类产品水平,成本仅为国外产品的1/4左右。可直接以涂层方式使用,也可与其他多孔保温材料复合构成低辐射传热结构,作为石油石化行业成品油罐及储罐的隔热保温、管道及设备的保冷及屋面隔热保温涂层使用,综合节能效益高。     

兴山煤矿地质构造体系的分析

通过简单的力学分析 ,总结了兴山煤矿断层发展、发育的规律。     

Wind turbine response to parameter variation of analytic inflow vortices

As larger wind turbines are placed on taller towers, rotors frequently operate in atmospheric conditions that support organized, coherent turbulent structures. It is hypothesized that these structures have a detrimental impact on the blade fatigue life experienced by the wind turbine. These structures are extremely difficult to identify with sophisticated anemometry such as ultrasonic anemometers. This study was performed to identify the vortex characteristics that contribute to high‐amplitude cyclic blade loads, assuming that these vortices exist under certain atmospheric conditions. This study does not attempt to demonstrate the existence of these coherent turbulent structures. In order to ascertain the idealized worst‐case scenario for vortical inflow structures impinging on a wind turbine rotor, we created a simple, analytic vortex model. The Rankine vortex model assumes that the vortex core undergoes solid body rotation to avoid a singularity at the vortex centre and is surrounded by a two‐dimensional potential flow field. Using the wind turbine as a sensor and the FAST wind turbine dynamics code with limited degrees of freedom, we determined the aerodynamic loads imparted to the wind turbine by the vortex structure. We varied the size, strength, rotational direction, plane of rotation, and location of the vortex over a wide range of operating parameters. We identified the vortex conformation with the most significant effect on the blade root bending moment cyclic amplitude. Vortices with radii on the scale of the rotor diameter or smaller caused blade root bending moment cyclic amplitudes that contribute to high damage density. The rotational orientation, clockwise or counter‐clockwise, produces little difference in the bending moment response. Vortices in the XZ plane produce bending moment amplitudes significantly greater than vortices in the YZ plane. Published in 2005 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

低渗透储集层中油水层的地球化学综合判识——以济阳坳陷基山砂岩体为例

为了提高低渗透油藏油、水层识别的准确性，以济阳坳陷惠民凹陷基山砂岩体低渗透油藏为研究对象，探索以地球化学方法综合判识储集层流体性质的方法。以试油数据为参考，首先以热解定量方法初步评价，油层与油水同层、油水同层与水层的ST界限分别定为4．00mg／g及2．00mg／g；再以热解色谱定性方法将水层（或干层）与油层及油水同层明确区分；仍不能有效区分的油层及油水同层，则辅以热解参数表征的储集层变异系数进一步评价，变异系数高于0．3的为油水同层，低于0．3的为油层。具单一油源的多口井，可借助菲与二苯并噻吩（P／DBT）将油层及油水同层准确识别，P／DBT值大于12．5则为油层、小于等于12．5则为油水同层。对于相变较快，泥质薄层较多的低渗透油藏，利用热解参数S1／S2可评价储集层的真假隔层及油柱的纵向连通性。图4参17     

郑411块超稠油试油试采工艺技术应用

郑411块沙三段地层疏松出砂、原油粘度高，属中深层超稠油，常规试油试采方法难以突破出油关，采用APR全通径氮气垫测试、地层与井筒复合防砂、水平井配合直井蒸汽吞吐、氮气泡沫封堵调剖和井筒加热举升稠油等配套工艺技术，取得了较好的效果，为中深层超稠油油藏的开发提供了技术思路。     

LB技术制备大面积超薄PMMA抗蚀层的研究

采用自行研制的ＬＢ自动提膜装置，制备出大面积（１０×８ｃｍ２）、高质量的ＰＭＭＡ超薄抗蚀剂膜，并将其用于高分辨率铬掩模版的研制。通过电子束曝光，湿法蚀刻，制作了分辨率优于０．５μｍ，特征线宽０．３８μｍ的４（１００ｍｍ）铬掩模版。