A web-based e-learning system for increasing study efficiency by stimulating learner’s motivation

Due to the opportunities provided by the Internet, more and more people are taking advantage of distance learning courses and during the last few years enormous research efforts have been dedicated to the development of distance learning systems. So far, many e-learning systems are proposed and used practically. However, in these systems the e-learning completion rate is about 30%. One of the reasons is the low study desire when the learner studies the learning materials. In this research, we propose an interactive Web-based e-learning system. The purpose of our system is to increase the e-learning completion rate by stimulating learner’s motivation. The proposed system has three subsystems: the learning subsystem, learner support subsystem, and teacher support subsystem. The learning subsystem improves the learner’s study desire. The learner support subsystem supports the learner during the study, and the teacher support subsystem supports the teacher to get the learner’s study state. To evaluate the proposed system, we developed several experiments and surveys. By using new features such as: display of learner’s study history, change of interface color, encourage function, ranking function, self-determination of the study materials, and grouping of learners, the proposed system can increase the learning efficiency.

A base62 transformation format of ISO 10646 for multilingual identifiers

ISO 10646 Universal Character Set (UCS) is a 31‐bit coding architecture that covers symbols in most of the world's written languages. Identifiers in programming languages are usually defined by using alphanumeric characters of ASCII, which represent mainly English words. An approach for working around this deficiency is to encode multilingual identifiers into the alphanumeric range of ASCII. For case‐sensitive languages, an encoding that utilizes [0–9][A–Z][a–z] can be more space‐efficient for multilingual identifiers. This paper proposes a base62 transformation format of ISO 10646 called UTF‐62. The resulting string of UTF‐62 is within a [0–9][A–Z][a–z] range, a total of 62 base characters. UTF‐62 also preserves the lexicographic sorting order of UCS‐4. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

经济系统机理及其对系统效益影响分析

依据马克思主义的生产力理论和邓小平同志关于“科学技术是第一生产力”的论述,指出了经济系统的机理及其动力学性质。并在此基础上提出了经济系统生产力和生产力做功的模型及生产力产出效率模型,且与此同时在经济理论上得出: (1)生产力要素所具有的生产力大小等于它在实际产出上的生产力与克服生产关系反作用的生产力之和; (2)投入生产系统的全部生产力做功等于其实际产出做功与克服生产关系反作用做的无用功之和; (3)生产力效率,以及相对生产力效率的概念。作者认为,这些结果对正确认识和分析我国经济发展中存在和出现的一些重大问题可能具有一定的指导意义。     

New oxide phosphors for FEDs: Ruddlesden—Popper phases synthesized with IIIB‐group elements

Abstract— A red‐emitting phosphor, SrTiO³:Pr³⁺, for low‐voltage‐type FEDs and VFDs was developed by Futaba Corporation in 1996. The addition of Al or Ga is essential in the preparation of this phosphor because it improves the luminescence efficiency dramatically. For this impurity effect, Futaba Corporation proposed a charge‐compensation mechanism, which was supported by a recent observation of emission lines due to Al³⁺‐Pr³⁺ pairs. In addition, it was found that Al also works as a scavenger of planar defects, presumably SrO thin layers interleaved in the SrTiO³ lattice, by forming strontium aluminates. The latter mechanism suggests the possibility that a similar impurity effect can be found in materials with crystal structures, including alkaline‐earth oxide layers (Ruddlesden‐Popper phases).     

The role of pH in thaumasite sulfate attack

The thaumasite form of sulfate attack (TSA) has been recognised in recent years as a distinct mechanism by which degradation of buried concrete can occur in the presence of an external source of sulfate ions. There is, however, disagreement about the role of pH. It has been proposed that attack by sulfuric acid, produced by oxidation of pyrite, is sometimes the primary cause of deterioration. Others believe that the acid is rapidly neutralised giving a higher concentration of sulfate ions in the ground, hence increasing the extent of attack. The aim of the laboratory study reported here was to understand the role of sulfuric acid in TSA by examining concrete cubes, made from three types of cement and two types of aggregate, immersed at low temperature in two solutions, one alkaline corresponding to BRE Design Sulfate Class DS-3 and the other acidic. It is concluded that the presence of acid does not promote the formation of thaumasite. Although degradation of the concrete was observed in acid conditions, the mechanism was not TSA as observed in alkaline conditions.     

Defect identification and sizing by the ultrasonic satellite-pulse technique

Shape and size are the most important defect characteristics that need to be determined for the reliable prediction of the remaining service lifetime of a defective structure or part. The analytical and supporting experimental results presented in this paper concern a general, pattern recognition-based, ultrasonic defect identification and sizing method. The satellite-pulse technique (SPT) is based on the interpretation, in terms of defect types (shapes) and dimensions, of the separation in time of arrival between the readily detected specularly reflected pulse and its generally ignored tip-diffracted or tangentially scattered satellite contained in the received waveform. Calibration procedures were also developed that enable the ultrasonic examiner to read the time scale of the oscilloscope for equivalent crack depth or void diameter as appropriate.     

水文极限分析中改进自适应重要抽样法的应用分析

近年来,随着国内水资源的日渐紧缺,缺水问题一直是困扰我国的发展和进步,甚至已经成为了世界范围的大问题。同时,也注意到不同城市地区以及不同国家范围内受到极端水事件的各种自然灾害以及人为泄露等原因的影响也不断的增加,促使相关的水分析抽样方法在一定程度上得到了快速的发展。文章就水文极限分析中改进自适应重要抽样法的应用进行了分析和论证。     

森林水文效应的综合分析

引用森林水文实验站和国家水文基本站网中的森林流域和非森林流域的实测资料,进行同步期的对比分析.对于试验小流域或径流场,总结出林冠截留、树干径流和林地拦蓄的一些统计结果,并归纳得到可供利用的计算公式.对于大面积森林流域,主要从基本水文站网中,森林覆盖率明显不同而其它自然地理条件类似的测站进行对比分析,当干旱指数小于1.2的地区,森林使年径流增加,当干旱指数大于1.2的地区,森林使年径流减少.     

新型固体聚羧酸高效减水剂的研制

聚羧酸高效减水剂生产浓度一般为20%～40%（质量分数）,不宜储存和运输,限制了其更广泛的应用.利用本体聚合方法合成固体聚羧酸减水剂,在不加任何溶剂的情况下,利用原料中大单体TPEG、丙烯酸的物理化学特性,通过合适的引发剂（BPO）,实现反应原料熔融态下的聚合反应.最佳反应条件为TPEG∶AA∶MAS=0.8∶3.25∶0.4（摩尔比）,引发剂BPO用量为单体总质量的1%,反应温度为80℃,引发剂滴加时间为2h,保温时间为1.5h.反应结束后趁热将产物倒出,冷却至室温,经研磨成粉末,得到产品.实验得到的固体聚羧酸减水剂产品经研磨后无粘结现象,颗粒尺寸在0.125mm时,46s即可实现完全溶解,150d未出现变质结块现象.通过净浆试验和混凝土试验对产品进行了性能测试,结果表明产品性能超过了国内同类固体聚羧酸高效减水剂的产品水平.本体聚合法制备固体聚羧酸高效减水剂工艺简单、操作容易、对环境友好,具有非常广阔的工业前景.