Model test of helical angle effect on coal loading performance of shear drum

The work presented in this paper focuses on improving coal loading performance of shear drum.Employing the similarity theory,we carried out a dimensional analysis of the correlation parameters which in...     

斜度对斜交桥地震作用下的扭转效应影响

为满足交通工程中线路运行的需要,桥梁斜交有时不可避免.相对于正交桥而言,斜交桥在地震作用下有扭转破坏的趋势.斜度作为斜交桥的主要特征参量,其对斜交桥在地震作用下扭转效应的影响作用,目前研究还存在彼此不同的看法.为此,以一实际工程为原型,建立了不同斜度的桥梁分析模型,利用模态分析和非线性时程分析方法对不同斜度的斜交桥梁在地震作用下的扭转效应展开研究.通过研究发现:斜度增大,斜交桥的扭转周期与平动周期之比线性增加,结构的抗扭刚度减弱,同时桥墩在地震作用下的扭矩作用也将增大.对于上部结构平面内的扭转位移,若梁体端部与桥台之间的伸缩缝宽度足够大,梁体与桥台不发生接触碰撞,增大桥梁的斜度并不能引起上部结构的扭转位移;若梁体与桥台发生接触碰撞,斜度增大,上部结构的扭转位移增大.     

Payments for watershed services: Directing incentives for improving lake basin governance

This study introduces the emerging integrated ecosystem management approach known as Payments for Watershed Services (PWS) as utilized for lake and reservoir basin governance. PWS is built on the central concept of providing economic incentives to watershed stakeholders to assist in management efforts. It channels conservation payments from downstream payers to finance conservation activities conducted by upstream payees. The upstream conservation activities are expected to enhance ecosystem functions, thereby improving water‐related ecosystem services desired by downstream stakeholders. Information on 163 PWS projects in 34 developing countries through the year 2008 was collected and analysed, including their common goals, processes, outcomes, scientific assumptions and socioeconomic rationales. This study recognized one unique PWS characteristic, namely the role of intermediary organizations (i.e. brokers) in integrating the economic incentives of upstream payees and downstream payers in order to facilitate their transactions by means of contracts. Although 75% of the reviewed PWS projects have focused on rivers, and only 10% have considered lakes and reservoirs, the similarity of the intermediary functions performed by lake management organizations and PWS intermediary organizations suggests a greater potential for the future application of PWS designs in lake basins. Drawing on components in the field of New Institutional Economics to interpret the intermediary function within the PWS framework, a three‐part PWS design with 15 steps is proposed in this study for lake basin governance, with a Costa Rican PWS scheme serving as an illustration. This study seeks to communicate the scientific and socioeconomic frontiers for developing locally suitable and integrated watershed governance structures to lake management organizations and other watershed stakeholder groups.     

荷载倾角对大直径长桩承载特性的影响分析

基于数值分析与荷载传递相结合的方法,利用FLAC3D对倾斜荷载下大直径长桩进行模拟,分析了荷载倾角对桩的承载特性的影响.结果表明,荷载倾角影响桩的承载方式,随着荷载倾角的逐渐增加,桩的承载方式由竖向承载为主逐渐向水平承载为主转化.荷载倾角在0°～20°范围内变化时,桩顶以沉降为主;在30°～90°范围内变化时,桩顶水平位移大于沉降.随着荷载倾角的增大,上部桩体侧移显著增大,桩两侧合土抗力零点向深部移动,桩端阻力减小.桩前侧和桩后侧最大合土抗力与荷载倾角的正弦值近似呈线性递增关系;桩前侧最大合土抗力受荷载倾角的影响比桩后侧最大合土抗力大.     

边界条件对自然河流形成及演变影响机理的实验研究

运用自然模型法,采用清水冲刷成功地塑造了室内天然小河。实验研究了不同的初始河流几何边界条件以及水流条件对河流演变的影响。研究发现流量对河流展宽幅值影响最大。水流入射角的大小与河流展宽幅度及河流弯曲度的变化没有必然的联系,30°入射角时小河的河流展宽及弯曲度变化最明显。入射角对河流演变的作用只是短期的,且在演变初始阶段影响较大。受初始边界条件的影响,河流向下游演变具有滞后性及曲率变化的传递性等特点。本文最后分析了河流演变过程中的泥沙分选现象。     

太湖蓝藻信息采集系统的建设与应用

太湖蓝藻信息采集系统项目的建设,是结合卫星遥感、3G图像传输、浮台水质监测及GIS等技术监测太湖蓝藻。同时项目中采用的3G视频传榆技术,为今后水利水文信息化项目中条件受限制的站点上传图像信息也起示范作用。     

不同裂纹倾角下岩桥拉张破裂数值模拟研究

以预制于岩体中不同倾角的裂纹及其组成的岩桥为研究对象,采用可模拟拉张开裂的有限元软件,对不同裂纹倾角岩桥模型的拉张破坏过程进行数值模拟。结果显示:在单轴压缩条件下,对于相同尺寸、等距离的平行预制裂纹,裂纹的倾角不同,拉张裂纹的扩展形态不同;预制裂纹倾角越大,岩桥越容易拉张破坏;八字形裂纹比平行裂纹更稳定。     

武都水库坝基深层抗滑稳定性评价中BD角的合理取值

针对武都水库大坝坝基深层抗滑稳定性分析过程中BD角合理取值问题,应用多种严格极限平衡法和极限分析法对该坝基深层抗滑稳定性评价中的BD角取值进行了分析论证,研究BD角在各种工况下变化趋势与合理取值。结果表明:BD角不等于0°,不考虑BD角会低估坝基的抗滑能力;潜在滑面稳定性较好时,BD角较小,潜在滑面稳定性较差时,BD角较大;对于武都水库大坝坝基加固工程及类似工程,采用规范中双滑面等安全系数法计算时,BD角取15°是合适的且留有安全裕度。武都水库大坝坝基加固工程的BD角取为15°,节约了大量加固费用。     

论水利水电工程前期勘察设计取费依据

水利水电工程前期勘察设计取费存在执行依据版本多、对取费依据认识模糊、工作深度要求与费用不匹配等问题,并介绍了目前涉及水利水电工程前期勘察设计取费的依据主要内容,结合水利水电工程前期工作内容与特点揭示了问题的主要焦点,阐明水利水电工程前期勘察设计应根据水利水电工程特点取费,不能统一按“1283号文”.在分析了现行前期勘察设计取费主要依据、产生背景,尤其是对“1352号文”进行深入解读后,认为水利水电工程前勘察设计取费应采用“1352号文”作为依据.