基于振动法的抗疲劳断裂水泥稳定碎石强度标准研究

强度是水泥稳定碎石材料设计与施工质量控制重要指标。当集料类型、矿料级配和成型方式一定情况下,水泥稳定碎石强度取决于水泥剂量。强度标准越高,则水泥剂量越大,水泥稳定碎石抗荷载破坏能力越强,但抗收缩开裂能力越差;反之亦然。为此,以水泥稳定碎石基层施工期和运营期在荷载作用下不发生疲劳破坏所需材料最小强度为准则,研究了水泥稳定碎石力学强度特性、疲劳特性及施工期与运营期水泥稳定碎石基层荷载响应,提出抗疲劳断裂的水泥稳定碎石强度标准。结果表明：为防止施工车辆荷载作用下基层发生极限断裂破坏,水泥稳定石灰岩碎石基层必须养护7d后,且其劈裂强度达到0.68MPa以上,方可进行下结构层施工;为防止设计年限内基层在施工车辆和运营车辆反复作用下产生疲劳断裂,水泥稳定石灰岩碎石7d劈裂强度不小于0.70MPa。为了便于应用,结合抗压强度和劈裂强度之间关系,提出水泥稳定石灰岩碎石7d抗压强度不小于7.0MPa。     

Monte Carlo simulation of extreme traffic loading on short and medium span bridges

The accurate estimation of site-specific lifetime extreme traffic load effects is an important element in the cost-effective assessment of bridges. A common approach is to use statistical distributions derived from weigh-in-motion measurements as the basis for Monte Carlo simulation of traffic loading. However, results are highly sensitive to the assumptions made, not just with regard to vehicle weights but also to axle configurations and gaps between vehicles. This paper presents a comprehensive model for Monte Carlo simulation of bridge loading for free-flowing traffic and shows how the model matches results from measurements on five European highways. The model has been optimised to allow the simulation of many years of traffic and this greatly reduces the variance in calculating estimates for lifetime loading from the model. The approach described here does not remove the uncertainty inherent in estimating lifetime maximum loading from data collected over relatively short time periods.     

绿色施工在工程项目中的应用

结合工程实践介绍绿色施工主要途径、方法和措施,探索建立绿色施工的发展模式,发挥绿色施工的引领和示范作用,实现"四节一环保"。     

大跨度系杆拱桥荷载试验方案与计算分析

本文对大跨系杆拱桥荷载试验方案及其计算进行了分析。首先,对桥梁荷载试验原理做了简要介绍,又以某大跨系杆拱桥为依托,对具体的静载试验和动载试验具体方案做了阐述;最后,采用Midas Civil有限元计算软件对静载试验及动载试验相关指标进行了初步分析。结合具体的试验结果,即可实现对桥梁承载力、裂缝、刚度及动力特性的评定。本文为同类桥梁的评定提供了依据,具有一定的工程实践意义。     

Developing eco-friendly methods for purification of compounds derived from hydrogenated cardanol

The present work made a comparative study between two purification methods, column chromatography and recrystallization, for compounds derived from cardanol, a by-product of the cashew industry (Anacardium occidentale L.). The compounds were successfully synthesized and characterized, focusing our attention to results obtained in terms of yield, purity, generation of solid waste and amount of solvent used in each purification process. For all the synthesized compounds, the amount of solvent used was greatly reduced in the recrystallization process, with purities above 80%, when compared to chromatographic column, which still demands high amounts of eluent.     

Solvent and Extraction Conditions Control the Assayable Phenolic Content and Antioxidant Activities of Seeds of Black Beans,Canola and Millet

The effects of extraction solvent and conditions on the total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant activity of black beans, canola and foxtail millet were investigated. The antioxidant activity was assayed using 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity (DRSA) and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC). Four solvent systems, namely 70 % acetone, 80 % ethanol, 80 % methanol and a mixture of acetone/methanol/water (7:7:6, v/v/v) were used. The extraction methods adopted in this study included refluxing, homogenization, cold extraction and sonication. The TPC as measured using the Folin Ciocalteu's method were 12.35–28.39, 2.43–16.73, and 1.78–5.06 µmol catechin equivalents/g dry matter (dm) for canola, black beans and foxtail millet, respectively. Aqueous acetone afforded the highest TPC for black beans and canola. Within the same solvent system used, the TPC, DRSA and ORAC obtained from different extraction techniques differed for black beans, canola and foxtail millet. The results demonstrated that the solvent system as well as method influenced the extraction of phenolic compounds and their antioxidant activities, depending on the type of matrix in which phenolics were embedded.     

海上油田含聚污水用清水剂性能评价方法

海上聚合物驱采油污水成分复杂、乳化程度高、处理难度大,对清水剂的性能提出了更高要求,传统的清水剂性能评价方法已无法满足要求。分析了传统清水剂性能评价方法中存在的不足,结合海上油田现场采出液处理问题,分别从评价条件、水质性能、絮体性能、溶解及配伍性能方面探讨了海上油田含聚污水用清水剂的评价指标及方法,并提出对清水剂的絮体黏附性和流动性等应给予关注。     

基于方差分析法的C-276合金脉冲电流自动化钨极气体保护电弧焊参数优化

优化C-276合金脉冲电流自动化钨极气体保护电弧焊参数有着重要的意义。采用田口方法,设计了拥有4个焊接参数(脉冲电流、基值电流、脉冲电流占空比和脉冲频率),3个水平等级,9组实验方案的正交实验,利用方差分析每个焊接参数的贡献百分比。实验结果表明,当脉冲电流、基值电流、脉冲电流占空比和脉冲频率分别为165 A、77 A、60%和5 Hz时,焊件具有最大的熔深。     

抗高过载微流体惯性开关

基于微连通器结构,提出了一种使用盐水(Na Cl溶液)作为工作流体且具有高的抗过载能力的微流体惯性开关。分析了液滴的分离机理,设计了开关的流道结构。然后,对开关进行了理论分析,建立了开关模型。最后,利用流体动力学仿真和样机实验相结合的方法,对开关结构和功能进行了验证。验证结果显示:在幅值为30 000 g阶跃型加速度作用下,开关的工作流体仍未发生分离,加速度的幅值与开关响应时间相关。另外,开关样机能够使盐水液面形成高度差,样机的静态加速度阈值为134.6 g~152.3 g,非常接近其理论计算的加速度阈值142.7 g。得到的结果表明,采用的微连通器结构能够极大地增强微流体惯性开关的抗液体分离能力,能够对加速度幅值进行区分,并实现闭锁功能,同时显示了高的抗过载能力。