Near‐Infrared Photodetectors Based on MoTe2/Graphene Heterostructure with High Responsivity and Flexibility

2D transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) have attracted considerable attention due to their impressively high performance in optoelectronic devices. However, efficient infrared (IR) photodetection has been significantly hampered because the absorption wavelength range of most TMDCs lies in the visible spectrum. In this regard, semiconducting 2D MoTe₂ can be an alternative choice owing to its smaller band gap ≈1 eV from bulk to monolayer and high carrier mobility. Here, a MoTe₂/graphene heterostructure photodetector is demonstrated for efficient near‐infrared (NIR) light detection. The devices achieve a high responsivity of ≈970.82 A W^?1 (at 1064 nm) and broadband photodetection (visible‐1064 nm). Because of the effective photogating effect induced by electrons trapped in the localized states of MoTe₂, the devices demonstrate an extremely high photoconductive gain of 4.69 × 10⁸ and detectivity of 1.55 × 10¹¹ cm Hz^1/2 W^?1. Moreover, flexible devices based on the MoTe₂/graphene heterostructure on flexible substrate also retains a good photodetection ability after thousands of times bending test (1.2% tensile strain), with a high responsivity of ≈60 A W^?1 at 1064 nm at V _DS = 1 V, which provides a promising platform for highly efficient, flexible, and low cost broadband NIR photodetectors.     

Development of a water-in-oil-in-water multiple emulsion system integrating biomimetic aqueous-core lipid nanodroplets for protein entity stabilization. Part II: process and product characterization

The aqueous-core enclosed in lipid nanoballoons integrating multiple emulsions of the type water-in-oil-in-water mimic, at least in theory, the environment within viable cells, thus being suitable for housing hydrophilic protein entities such as bioactive proteins, peptides and bacteriophage particles. This study reports a complete physicochemical characterization of optimized biomimetic aqueous-core lipid nanoballoons housing hydrophilic (BSA) protein entities, evolved from a statistical 2³×3¹ factorial design study (three variables at two levels and one variable at three levels) that was the subject of the first paper of a series of three, aiming at complete stabilization of the three-dimensional structure of protein entities attempted via housing the said molecular entities within biomimetic aqueous-core lipid nanoballoons integrating a multiple (W/O/W) emulsion. The statistical factorial design followed led to the production of an optimum W/O/W multiple emulsion possessing quite homogeneous particles with an average hydrodynamic size of (186.2?±?2.6) nm and average Zeta potential of (?36.5?±?0.9) mV, and exhibiting a polydispersity index of 0.206?±?0.014. Additionally, the results obtained for the diffusion coefficient of the lipid nanoballoons integrating the optimized W/O/W multiple emulsion were comparable and of the same order of magnitude (10^?12 m² s^?1) as those published by other authors since, typically, diffusion coefficients for molecules range from 10^?10 to 10^?7 m² s^?1, but diffusion coefficients for nanoparticles are typically of the order of magnitude of 10^?12 m² s^?1.     

SBS改性沥青超热老化模式下氧化与挥发的贡献机理

利用宏观和微观分析相结合的方法,定量分析了SBS改性沥青超热老化模式下氧化与挥发的贡献机理。通过研究不同老化温度下常规三大指标,DSR流变车辙因子分别在空气氛和高纯氮气氛下老化的衰变规律,并结合傅里叶变换红外光谱微观表征手段,定量计算出SBS改性沥青超热老化过程中氧化与挥发的贡献率,得出SBS改性沥青在超热老化模式下,其老化机理是以SBS分子中的双键被氧化为主要因素,但随着超热老化温度升高,小分子挥发等非氧化因素逐渐成为超热老化的又一主要因素。宏观分析中,从普通老化的163℃到超热老化的198℃,氧化与挥发对SBS改性沥青针入度衰减的贡献率比由6∶4变为1∶1;对延度衰减的贡献率比由7∶3变为1∶1;对车辙因子的贡献率比由24∶1变为2∶1;而红外光谱微观分析中,氧化与挥发对SBS改性沥青超热老化后不饱和双键的衰减贡献率比由7∶3变为1∶1。     

聚氨酯/青铜-Sm_2O_3复合涂层的近红外吸收与发射率性能EI北大核心CSCD

以青铜（bronze）粉与Sm2O3为复合颜料,聚氨酯（PU）为黏合剂,制备了PU/bronze-Sm2O3复合涂层。系统研究了涂层的红外发射率、近红外吸收性能及力学性能。结果表明：Sm2O3的存在可有效降低涂层对1.06μm与1.54μm近红外光的反射率,青铜粉的存在可有效降低涂层在8-14μm波段的红外发射率;通过调节青铜粉与Sm2O3质量比,涂层在8-14μm波段的红外发射率可在0.422-0.782范围内调节,涂层对1.06μm与1.54μm近红外光的反射率可分别在46.8%-65.0%和49.3%-70.7%范围内调节;所制备PU/bronze-Sm2O3复合涂层具备优良的力学性能,在不同青铜粉与Sm2O3质量比下,其附着力与耐冲击强度分别可达到1级和50kg·cm。     

二甲基硅油 C-Si 伸缩振动模式红外光谱研究

在303~393 K温度范围内,采用变温傅里叶变换衰减全反射红外光谱技术(ATR-FTIR)研究了二甲基硅油的一维红外光谱、二阶导数红外光谱、四阶导数红外光谱和去卷积红外光谱。实验发现,在1800~600 cm~(-1)范围内,二甲基硅油主要存在CH_3伸缩振动模式(νCH_3)、CH_3变形振动模式(δCH_3)、CH_3摇摆振动模式(ρCH_3)、Si-O伸缩振动模式(νSi-O)和Si-C伸缩振动式(νSi-C)等5种红外吸收模式,其中782 cm~(-1)和789 cm~(-1)处的红外吸收峰归属于二甲基硅油νSi-C。以二甲基硅油νSi-C为研究对象,进一步开展相关二维红外光谱的研究。结果发现,随着测定温度的升高,二甲基硅油νSi-C红外吸收强度的变化快慢顺序为:789 cm~(-1)782 cm~(-1)。本项研究拓展了ATR-FTIR技术在二甲基硅油热变性方面的研究范围。     

金刚石自支撑膜的高温红外透过性能

由于金刚石具有低吸收和优异的力学与导热性能使其成为长波(8~12μm)红外光学窗口材料的重要选择。对于许多极端条件的应用,化学气相沉积(CVD)金刚石自支撑膜的高温光学性质至关重要。应用直流电弧等离子喷射法制备光学级金刚石自支撑膜进行变化温度的红外光学透过性能研究,采用光学显微镜、X射线衍射、激光拉曼和傅里叶变换红外-拉曼光谱仪检测CVD金刚石膜的表面形貌、结构特征和红外光学性能。结果表明:在27℃时金刚石膜长波红外8~12μm之间的平均透过率达到65.95%,在500℃时8~12μm处的平均透过率为52.5%。透过率下降可分为3个阶段。对应于透过率随温度的下降,金刚石膜的吸收系数随温度的升高而增加。金刚石自支撑膜表面状态的变化,对金刚石膜光学性能的影响显著大于内部结构的影响。     

Infrared Spectroscopy-Based Chemometric Analysis for Lard Differentiation in Meat Samples

One of the most pressing concerns for the consumer market is the detection of adulteration in meat products due to their preciousness. The rapid and accurate identification mechanism for lard adulteration in meat products is highly necessary, for developing a mechanism trusted by consumers and that can be used to make a definitive diagnosis. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) is used in this work to identify lard adulteration in cow, lamb, and chicken samples. A simplified extraction method was implied to obtain the lipids from pure and adulterated meat. Adulterated samples were obtained by mixing lard with chicken, lamb, and beef with different concentrations (10%–50% v/v). Principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least square (PLS) were used to develop a calibration model at 800–3500 cm⁻¹. Three-dimension PCA was successfully used by dividing the spectrum in three regions to classify lard meat adulteration in chicken, lamb, and beef samples. The corresponding FTIR peaks for the lard have been observed at 1159.6, 1743.4, 2853.1, and 2922.5 cm⁻¹, which differentiate chicken, lamb, and beef samples. The wavenumbers offer the highest determination coefficient R² value of 0.846 and lowest root mean square error of calibration (RMSEC) and root mean square error prediction (RMSEP) with an accuracy of 84.6%. Even the tiniest fat adulteration up to 10% can be reliably discovered using this methodology.     

Colloidal Quantum Dot Infrared Lasers Featuring Sub-Single-Exciton Threshold and Very High Gain

The use of colloidal quantum dots (CQDs) as a gain medium in infrared laser devices has been underpinned by the need for high pumping intensities, very short gain lifetimes, and low gain coefficients. Here, PbS/PbSSe core/alloyed-shell CQDs are employed as an infrared gain medium that results in highly suppressed Auger recombination with a lifetime of 485 ps, lowering the amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) threshold down to 300 µJ cm⁻², and showing a record high net modal gain coefficient of 2180 cm⁻¹. By doping these engineered core/shell CQDs up to nearly filling the first excited state, a significant reduction of optical gain threshold is demonstrated, measured by transient absorption, to an average-exciton population-per-dot 〈N^th〉_g of 0.45 due to bleaching of the ground state absorption. This in turn have led to a fivefold reduction in ASE threshold at 〈N^th〉_ASE = 0.70 excitons-per-dot, associated with a gain lifetime of 280 ps. Finally, these heterostructured QDs are used to achieve near-infrared lasing at 1670 nm at a pump fluences corresponding to sub-single-exciton-per-dot threshold (〈N^th〉_Las = 0.87). This work brings infrared CQD lasing thresholds on par to their visible counterparts, and paves the way toward solution-processed infrared laser diodes.     

Phototherapy and the benefits of LEDs

Abstract— Light sources with wavelengths from near‐UV to near‐IR can cure skin diseases, relieve pain in the body, reduce wrinkles on the skin, treat acne on the face, grow hairs on head, and heal various kinds of other diseases. This is called phototherapy. Near‐UV, visible, and near‐IR LEDs now enable phototherapy viable for personal use because of the possibility of controlling the intensity of LED light with specific wavelengths. The medical applications of LEDs for phototherapy are reviewed.