Cell‐based volume integration for boundary integral analysis

The evaluation of volume integrals that arise in boundary integral formulations for non‐homogeneous problems was considered. Using the “Galerkin vector” to represent the Green's function, the volume integral was decomposed into a boundary integral, together with a volume integral wherein the source function was everywhere zero on the boundary. This new volume integral can be evaluated using a regular grid of cells covering the domain, with all cell integrals, including partial cells at the boundary, evaluated by simple linear interpolation of vertex values. For grid vertices that lie close to the boundary, the near‐singular integrals were handled by partial analytic integration. The method employed a Galerkin approximation and was presented in terms of the three‐dimensional Poisson problem. An axisymmetric formulation was also presented, and in this setting, the solution of a nonlinear problem was considered. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A meshless solution of two-dimensional unsteady flow

The boundary element method (BEM) is a very useful numerical method for groundwater flow models. Particularly, this method was used to solve problems in homogeneous domains. However, it presents even greater difficulties than the other numerical methods when coping with non-homogeneities which are so characteristic in the groundwater hydraulics. Recently, meshless method which is based on a local boundary integral approach is introduced. It uses distributed nodal points, covering the domain. These points can be randomly spread over the domain. Every node is surrounded by a simple surface centered at the collocation point and the boundary integral equation is written on this local boundary. The unknown variables, in the local sub-domains, are approximated by some of the interpolation method. In this paper the combination of radial basis functions and the dual reciprocity method is used to solve the time-dependent groundwater flow.     

蚁群算法分配权重的燃气日负荷组合预测模型

为适应城镇燃气日负荷随机性和多变性的特点,克服特定时刻单一负荷预测模型存在实际应用局限性的问题,将5种评价准则用于组合预测前剔除冗余模型,提出了一种建立变全重组合预测模型的方法,通过蚁群算法确定分配权重的组合预测模型,使得在一个时段上的燃气日负荷预测精度好于各单一模型.首先对包含诸多随机和模糊等不确定因素的城镇燃气日负荷时变系统和各预测模型特点进行分析;然后确定岭回归分析(Ridge)、差分自回归积分滑动平均模型(ARIMA)、支持向量机回归(SVR)、极端梯度提升树(XGB)共4类单项日负荷预测模型,结合城镇燃气日负荷和模型的特点,分别给出每个模型各项参数的设置和模型的输入向量;用平均相对误差、均方根误差、灰色关联度、相关系数、Theil不等系数为评价准则计算出的综合评价指标剔除冗余模型,最后建立了蚁群算法权重分配的组合预测模型.预测实例表明,蚁群算法分配权重的燃气日负荷组合预测模型长期的综合预测效果要优于任意单项模型,相比于单一模型而言,组合预测模型的稳定性和容错率更高,具备较强的泛化能力.     

基于Choquet模糊积分SVM集成及其实证研究

为了进一步提高SVM集成的泛化能力,提出了基于Choquet模糊积分的SVMs集成方法,综合考虑各个子SVM输出重要性,避免了现有SVM集成方法中忽略次要信息的问题。应用该方法,以高校的区域经济贡献度为例进行仿真试验,结果表明基于Choquet模糊积分的SVMs集成方法较基于Sugeno模糊积分SVMs集成方法和基于投票策略的SVMs集成方法具有更高的准确性。该方法是可行、有效的,具有一定的推广价值。     

An approach to calculate the J‐integral by digital image correlation displacement field measurement

This paper presents a combined experimental‐numerical technique for the calculation of the J‐integral as an area integral in cracked specimens. The proposed technique is based on full‐field measurement using digital image correlation (DIC) and the finite element method. The J‐integral is probably the most generalised and widely used parameter to quantify the fracture behaviour of both elastic and elastoplastic materials. The proposed technique has the advantage that it does not require crack length measurements nor is it limited to elastic fracture mechanics, provided that only small scale yielding is present. Evaluated are three test geometries; compact tension, three‐point bend and the double torsion beam. Possible errors and their magnitude and the limitations of the method are considered.     

碳纤维鞋后跟成型模结构设计与研究

介绍了碳纤维塑料制品的应用及模具研发现状,分析了薄壁异形碳纤维鞋后跟的压制成型难点,阐述了模具设计与制造方案,通过整体式凹模配合组合式型芯、反向锥度推杆脱模等结构,保证了碳纤维鞋后跟的技术要求。研究结果对碳纤维塑料制品成型模的应用开发提供了较好的参考和借鉴。     

汽轮机转子的多变量随机动态响应及可靠性分析

为了满足汽轮机转子的高可靠性设计要求,利用ANSYS的APDL语言二次开发功能,考虑汽轮机转子材料物性参数和载荷参数等多随机变量同时作用的情况,将积分随机有限元法嵌入到ANSYS软件当中,编制汽轮机转子的多变量随机应力应变均值及其各阶中心矩的计算程序,通过与Monte-Carlo模拟方法相对比,验证了该方法的正确性。根据计算得出的汽轮机转子最大应变的各阶中心矩,通过Gram-Charlier级数拟合得到汽轮机转子应变随机响应的概率密度函数,并依据可靠度计算公式计算得出转子的可靠度。同样与直接Monte-Carlo模拟方法相比较,计算结果表明,两者相对误差较小,验证了采用级数拟合方法的合理性。     

Frontiers and symmetries of dynamical systems

The frontiers of boundedness ? _b of the orbits of dynamical systems X defined on ? ⁿ are studied. When X is completely integrable some topological properties of ? _b are found and, in certain cases, ? _b is localized with the help of symmetries of X. Several examples in dimensions 2 and 3 are provided. In case the number of known first integrals of the vector field X is less than n ? 1, an interesting connection of ? _b with the frontier of boundedness of the level-sets of the first integrals of X is proved. This result also applies to Hamiltonian systems.     

Fracture Analysis of Concrete Structural Components Accounting for Tension Softening Effect

This paper presents methodologies for fracture analysis of concrete structural components with and without considering tension softening effect. Stress intensity factor (SIF) is computed by using analytical approach and finite element analysis. In the analytical approach, SIF accounting for tension softening effect has been obtained as the difference of SIF obtained using linear elastic fracture mechanics (LEFM) principles and SIF due to closing pressure. Superposition principle has been used by accounting for non-linearity in incremental form. SIF due to crack closing force applied on the effective crack face inside the process zone has been computed using Green's function approach. In finite element analysis, the domain integral method has been used for computation of SIF. The domain integral method is used to calculate the strain energy release rate and SIF when a crack grows. Numerical studies have been conducted on notched 3-point bending concrete specimen with and without considering the cohesive stresses. It is observed from the studies that SIF obtained from the finite element analysis with and without considering the cohesive stresses is in good agreement with the corresponding analytical value. The effect of cohesive stress on SIF decreases with increase of crack length. Further, studies have been conducted on geometrically similar structures and observed that (i) the effect of cohesive stress on SIF is significant with increase of load for a particular crack length and (iii) SIF values decreases with increase of tensile strength for a particular crack length and load.     

Adaptive finite element computation of dielectric and mechanical intensity factors in piezoelectrics with impermeable cracks

The paper deals with the application of an adaptive, hierarchic‐iterative finite element technique to solve two‐dimensional electromechanical boundary value problems with impermeable cracks in piezoelectric plates. In order to compute the dielectric and mechanical intensity factors, the interaction integral technique is used. The iterative finite element solver takes advantage of a sequence of solutions on hierarchic discretizations. Based on an a posteriori error estimation, the finite element mesh is locally refined or coarsened in each step. Two crack configurations are investigated in an infinite piezoelectric plate: A finite straight crack and a finite kinked crack. Fast convergence of the numerical intensity factors to the corresponding analytical solution is exemplarily proved during successive adaptive steps for the first configuration. Similar tendency can be observed for the second configuration. Furthermore, the computed intensity factors for the kinks are found to coincide well with the corresponding analytical values. In order to simulate the kinks spreading from a straight crack, the finite element mesh is modified automatically with a specially developed algorithm. This forms the basis for a fully adaptive simulation of crack propagation. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.