一种新的读者调查方式

读者调查是采访工作的重点也是难点．现今高校图书馆在这方面仍然存在许多问题．结合目前图书市场的实际，设想了一种在网络环境下新的读者调查方式．这种方式可以帮助高校图书馆在资金不足的情况下，有效的解决读者调查问题，并且结合我馆的实例具体说明这种读者调查方式的应用．     

浅述前处理助剂的现状和发展对策

综述了我国助剂生产企业及前处理剂的现状,分析了国内前处理剂对环境生态的不妥之处.我国的前处理技术改造、前处理助剂升级具有巨大的发展空间和较强的竞争优势.在全球能源紧张,水资源严重匮乏,环保呼声日渐高涨的国际大背景下,加快研究、开发,生产优质、高效、节能、环保的前处理剂是印染助剂发展的方向.     

葡萄酒酿造副产物的开发利用

积极开展葡萄酒酿造副产物综合利用的研究，化废为宝，具有十分重要的意义。该文主要论述了葡萄酒糟的再发酵利用；酒石酸氢钾、葡萄籽油、葡萄色素、丹宁的提取，以及利用葡萄酒糟做饲料等内容。     

减少制革工业对温州的环境影响

制革是浙江轻工业的特色产业、轻工出口的支柱产业。温州是浙江制革工业的重要基地,引进先进科技,改造传统制造方法是温州制革必经之路。     

三峡库区成库后工业固体废弃物的处置与利用

三峡水库形成后,保护和改善三峡库区生态的环境,日益成为影响重庆直辖市经济、社会全面发展的重要因素.而工业固体废弃物是影响三峡库区生态环境质量的关键因素之一,是影响我市经济与社会发展的热点和难点问题.论述了重庆工业固体废弃物排放、处置和利用的现状、前景和发展趋势,分析了国内外可资借鉴的经验,探讨了用高新技术和先进适用技术变废为宝的途径和前景,提出了三峡库区成库后工业固体废弃物的处置与利用对策.研究工业固体废弃物的处置与利用技术,不仅有利于三峡库区生态环境保护,还有利于新重庆的发展,其潜在的环境效益、社会效益和经济效益较大.     

城乡统筹三阶段

城乡统筹是发展的重要途径,只有通过城乡统筹,充分发挥城市带动农村和农村支持城市的双重作用机制,使城乡成为一个有机互补的整体,才能真正实现城乡经济社会一体化发展.本文以广东实践为样本,提出了城乡混杂——城乡分野——城乡融合的城乡统筹三阶段理论,并总结了三阶段从“城不像城、村不像村”到“城乡互补、相得益彰”到“城乡一体、服务均等”的不同发展特征,以及相应的规划对策与改进措施,促进城乡发展最终形成以“三社区、三网络”覆盖全部城乡社区、农业地区和生态地区的“理想城乡”模式.     

Improving energy productivity of sunflower production using data envelopment analysis (DEA) approach

BACKGROUND: Efficient use of energy in agriculture is one of the conditions for sustainable agricultural production. This study applies the data envelopment analysis (DEA) approach to the data of 95 randomly selected farms to investigate the technical and scale efficiencies of farmers with respect to energy use for sunflower production in Golestan province, Iran. The study also helps to identify the wasteful usage and the optimum level of energy from different inputs. RESULTS: According to the results of DEA models, about 36% of farmers were found to be technically efficient and the mean efficiency of sunflower producers was found to be 0.87 and 0.96 under the constant and variable returns to scale assumptions respectively. The optimum energy requirement was calculated as 8448.3 MJ ha^?1; accordingly, a potential reduction of 10.8% (1020.3 MJ ha^?1) in total energy input could be achieved by raising the performance of farmers to the highest level. CONCLUSION: Applying a better machinery management technique and conservation tillage methods, application of fertilisers by performance monitoring and utilisation of alternative sources of energy such as compost and chopped residues may be the pathways for improving energy productivity and reducing the environmental footprint. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry     

Genotype by environment interaction for yield and somatic cell score with alternative environmental definitions

Differential genetic expression in high and low opportunity Sicilian Holstein-Friesian and Brown Swiss herd environments was investigated using endogenous and exogenous variables in a set of three definitions. Results of genetic by environmental interaction were compared using alternative environmental definitions: within herd-year standard deviation for mature equivalent milk yield (HYSD), detectable incidence of normal vs. abnormal (peakless) lactation and herds clustered by causal relationships from high and low frequency use of nutrition, milking, health and animal handling practices. Data for genetic analysis consisted of first-lactation standardized yields of milk, fat and protein, and weighted somatic cell score for 8897 daughters of 825 Holstein-Friesian sires and 1143 daughters of 220 Brown Swiss sires. Components of covariance, heritabilities, and genetic correlations were estimated using bivariate and multivariate sire models for average and contrasting environments for each definition. Sire variances for yields were consistently smaller in the low opportunity environments of both breeds. Except for differential incidence of abnormal lactation in Friesian herds, correlated yield response in less privileged environments was 0.41 to 0.81 as much as in high opportunity environments, a substantial loss. Genetic correlations between HYSD environments for yield traits of Friesian were 0.48 to 0.66 but exceeded 0.80 for other definitions. Less correlated response in somatic cell score was also predicted for environments with low use of yield-enhancing practices (0.66 for Friesian and 0.61 for Brown Swiss), which may have resulted from less health care and poorer milking management. Therefore, unfavorable management interactions likely foster unequal gains from selection in contrasting environments defined exogenously or by incidence of peakless lactation. Conversely, greater genetic as well as phenotypic response is expected from additional inputs of nutrition, health care and milking management.     

环保型拔染印花浆的研制与应用

简述了各种纤维织物拔染印花的方法,拔染剂（还原剂）的种类、组分及选择,论述了涂料拔染印花的发展趋势,强调了环保型涂料拔染印花浆将向适应面广、节水节能、低碳经济的方向发展。     

谈中国白酒出口的障碍

白酒是我国的传统产品,但是长期以来出口量极少。探其原因,主要在于两大方面。我国酒类生产销售的大环境存在着无序、贸易壁垒等五个整体性障碍;白酒业自身也存在着原料与工艺的复杂、产品不合外国消费者饮用习尚等障碍问题。只有真正深入了解这些问题才能设计有效的排障措施,促进白酒长期畅销国外,真正使国酒飘香全球。