Quantifying the effect of local interconnects on on-chip power distribution

Existing methods to analyze and optimize on-chip power distribution networks typically focus only on global power network modeled as a two-dimensional mesh. In practice, current is supplied to switching transistors through a local power network at the lower metal layers. The local power network is connected to a global network through a stack of vias. The effect of these vias and the resistance of the local power network are typically ignored when optimizing a power network and placing decoupling capacitors. By modeling the power distribution network as a three-dimensional mesh, the error due to ignoring via and local interconnect resistances is quantified. It is demonstrated that ignoring the local power network and vias can both underestimate (by up to 45%) or overestimate (by up to 50%) the effective resistance of a power distribution network. The error depends upon multiple parameters such as the width of local and global power lines and via resistance. A design space is also generated to indicate the valid width of local and global power lines where the target resistance is satisfied. It is shown that a wider global network can be used to obtain a narrower local network, providing additional flexibility in the physical design process since routability is an important concern at lower metal layers. At high via resistances, however, this approach causes significant increase in the width of a global power network, indicating the growing significance of local power network and vias.     

Evaluation of Can Microseam Resistance when Submitted to Mechanical Abuse

Microseaming is a significant technological development in the can manufacturing process that has been employed in the packaging of tomato processed products in Brazil. It was developed by the Brazilian company Grupo Kramer in 1990. Due to its reduced dimensions in relation to the traditional can closing system, i.e. the conventional double seam, microseam mechanical resistance as well as its capability to guarantee package integrity when submitted to processing and distribution remain questionable. In this study microseam resistance was compared to conventional double seam resistance when submitted to mechanical abuse through a standardized impact on the seam region positioned at angles of 45 and 67°. As evaluation parameters of closing integrity loss after impact swelling resulting from the cans external contact with a bacterial suspension, internal vacuum loss and can centre depth changes were used. The microseam presented a performance comparable to the conventional double seam for the impact at 45°, whereas at 67° its performance was found to be superior. This superior microseam performance can be credited to its being more malleable, i.e., to its greater capability of deforming itself when submitted to a puncture-type impact, to its more compact structure and to the type of deformation resulting from this type of impact.     

嵌入式桩基动测系统的设计

文中利用嵌入式技术带来的可裁剪性、便携性、低功耗等特点,研究用于反射波法测桩仪的数据采集硬件电路及其数据处理软件.首先对影响测桩仪性能的结构进行分析,然后分别从硬件和软件方面介绍系统涉及的关键技术及设计的框架,最后说明改进性能的建议方案.     

利用真空衰减法测试预包装食品的密封性

目的 预包装食品的密封性关系到食品质量与安全。本文针对预包装食品目前普遍采用水检气泡法时灵敏度不足的问题,采用真空衰减法检测食品包装的密封性。方法 分别利用2种不同检测技术对市面上55款预包装食品样品进行密封性检测,并根据包装类型、封合方式、包装规格等不同分类方式将测试数据进行综合比较分析。结果 水检气泡法测试成本低,可明显地指示出泄漏位置,但方法灵敏度较低,且无法准确定量;真空衰减法可在不破坏原有包装的情况下,大幅度提高检测灵敏度,并得到定量数据,但无法准确指示泄漏点位。结论 真空衰减法可以作为水检气泡法的有效补充方法在实际工作中使用。     

数字签名应用标准化初步模型

本文分析了数字签名的优势和潜力,指出了数字签名技术的广阔应用前景,同时阐明了建立相关标准的重要性,并且提出了一个数字签名技术应用的通用的模型.     

Disruption of Membrane Integrity as a Molecular Initiating Event Determines the Toxicity of Polyhexamethylene Guanidine Phosphate Depending on the Routes of Exposure

Polyhexamethylene guanidine phosphate (PHMG-P), a cationic biocide, is widely used in household products due to its strong bactericidal activity and low toxicity. However, it causes fatal lung damage when inhaled. In this study, we investigated why PHMG-P causes fatal lung injury when inhaled, and demonstrated that the disruption of membrane integrity through ionic interaction—a molecular initiating event of PHMG-P—determines toxicity. Mice were injected intravenously with 0.9 or 7.2 mg/kg PHMG-P (IV group), or instilled intratracheally with 0.9 mg/kg PHMG-P (ITI group); they were euthanatized at 4 h and on days 1 and 7 after treatment. Increased total BAL cell count and proinflammatory cytokine production, along with fibrotic changes in the lungs, were detected in the ITI group only. Levels of hepatic enzymes and hepatic serum amyloid A mRNA expression were markedly upregulated in the 7.2 mg/kg IV and ITI groups at 4 h or day 1 after treatment, but returned to baseline. No pathological findings were detected in the heart, liver, or kidneys. To simulate the IV injection, A549, THP-1, and HepG2 cells were treated with PHMG-P in cell culture media supplemented with different serum concentrations. Increased serum concentration was associated with an increase in cell viability. These results support the idea that direct contact between PHMG-P and cell membranes is necessary for PHMG-induced toxicity.     

一种高效的虚拟桌面可信保证机制

虚拟桌面系统与传统PC桌面系统结构的不同,导致其在保证安全机制自身可信的同时,也会带来“语义差别”和效率降低等问题。本文提出了一种安全虚拟机完整性监控机制SVMIM（Security Virtual Machine Integrity Monitor）。SVMIM采用混杂模式的安全结构,基于可信计算技术对虚拟桌面系统的代码加载过程进行监视和控制,有效克服“语义差别”问题,并保证安全机制自身的可信;同时,SVMIM基于虚拟桌面网络引导机制,在网络存储端使用存储克隆技术,最大程度地降低安全机制对系统性能的影响。系统性能分析和基于SVMIM原型系统进行的实验表明该技术是可行的,并且相对于传统的虚拟桌面安全保障方案具有较大的性能优势。     

中外高校诚信教育对比研究简

近年来,大学生诚信缺失的现象越来越严重,如何加强大学生诚信教育也成为全社会普遍关注的问题。本文通过对中外高校诚信教育的对比研究,以期对我国的高校的诚信教育提供一些有益的经验。     

一种抑制同步开关噪声的微波光子晶体结构

为了确保抑制高速电路中同步开关噪声(SSN)的微波光子晶体(EBG)结构在兼顾带隙特性的同时,还具有良好的信号完整性,采用枝条绕转单元贴片的方法设计出一种新型EBG结构。利用HFSS软件对新型EBG结构抑制SSN的特性进行建模仿真,并制备刻蚀有新型EBG结构的4层印制电路板,用安捷伦矢量网络分析仪对其禁带特性进行测试,实验结果与仿真结果吻合良好。通过眼图对新型EBG结构进行的仿真分析显示,新结构的信号完整性良好。