Validating behavioral models for reuse

When using a model to predict the behavior of a physical system of interest, engineers must be confident that, under the conditions of interest, the model is an adequate representation of the system. The process of building this confidence is called model validation. It requires that engineers have knowledge about the system and conditions of interest, properties of the model and their own tolerance for uncertainty in the predictions. To reduce time and costs, engineers often reuse preexisting models that other engineers have developed. However, if the user lacks critical parts of this knowledge, model validation can be as time consuming and costly as developing a similar model from scratch. In this article, we describe a general process for performing model validation for reused behavioral models that overcomes this problem by relying on the formalization and exchange of knowledge. We identify the critical elements of this knowledge, discuss how to represent it and demonstrate the overall process on a simple engineering example.

Composite with Recyclable Loads for the Manufacture of Blocks to Build Popular Houses

The science space in a state school in Natal city was built using a composite consisting of gypsum, EPS （expanded polystyrene）, shredded tire, cement and water. Mechanical and thermal resistances were evaluated. Inside the blocks, three types of fillings （EPS plates, aluminum cans and 500 mL bottles of mineral water） were placed in order to obtain a walls with higher thermal resistance, but also to give it an ecologically correct order, considering that both the tire and the EPS occupy a large space in landfills and require years to be degraded when released into the environment. Compression tests were conducted according to the rules. The experiments demonstrated that the temperature difference between the internal and external surfaces on the walls reached levels above 12.0 ℃. It was also demonstrated that the proposed composite has adequate mechanical strength to be used for sealing walls. The proposed use of the composite can contribute to reduce the significant housing deficit of Brazil, producing popular houses at low cost and with little time to work.     

校园中水站曝气生物滤池的优化应用——以山东师范大学长清校区中水站为例

通过对实际中水处理工程中曝气生物滤池(BAF)进行调试,得出其最优运行工况参数,对高校污水处理回用工程设计及实际生产运行具有一定的意义和价值。文章对山东师范大学长清校区中水站内曝气生物滤池进行调试分析,通过控制曝气管道上的泄压阀以及进水管道的流量调节阀,改变曝气生物滤池曝气量、进水流量和水力停留时间,阐明气水比及水力停留时间对曝气生物滤池处理效能的影响。结果表明:水温为23~29℃条件时,曝气生物滤池的气水比为(4.0~5.5):1时,化学需氧量(CODcr)去除率可达86.7%~90.1%,固体悬浮物浓度(SS)去除率可达48.4%~64.8%;水力停留时间为3.0~4.0 h时,CODcr去除率可达85.8%~91.3%,而SS去除率可达54.0%~57.7%。     

基于关联与回溯的产品变异设计过程重用方法

为实现在复杂度和数量上急剧增长的产品过程模型和关联知识的重用,提出一种产品变异设计过程的重用方法.对设计系统的模块进行精细化和抽象化,建立具有规范化数据接口的产品结构变异设计的信息模型,用状态空间的带权有序检索树存储变异设计过程;将变异设计语义添加至可移植结构,当发生分割、合并和变换的变异设计行为时,对其抛弃、保持或复制等处理,实现变异设计语义随变异设计行为的继承与变迁;再通过检索变异设计语义不断获得待变异结构,将离散的设计过程关联;深度优先搜索获得把初始状态变换为目标状态的操作序列,执行可行解集,回溯变异设计过程并实现重用.以ACIS为几何造型内核开发自主原型系统,实现涡轮风扇发动机的压气机的转子叶片变异设计过程的重用.结果表明,该方法将设计重用对象由静态的孤立设计结果拓展到动态的连续设计过程,对于准确、快速地实现产品的结构变异设计具有重要意义.     

软件流水向量化算法研究

描述了开源高性能编译器Open64及向量化框架,给出了多循环层进行依赖关系分析算法和收益分析方法。结合面向DSP架构的SLP向量化框架,给出了一种应用软件流水的向量化算法。实验结果表明软件流水向量化算法适用于某些计算密集的DSP应用,最高加速比达到14.2。     

曝气生物滤池在中水回用工程中应用实例

介绍曝气生物滤池(BAF)过滤工艺在哈尔滨市某住宅小区中水回用工程的运用。实际工程中BAF工艺的连续运行,BAF出水SS、BOD5、CODCr、pH、LAS、大肠杆菌总数符合回用标准,曝气生物滤池运行的反冲洗周期可定为24h,出水符合建设部颁布的《生活杂用水回用水质标准》。     

关于软件复用技术的探讨

对软件复用及相关技术进行了初步探讨 ,着重讨论了软件复用技术的核心———构件技术及其实现机制 ,提出了采用构件编程的几大优势 ,指出了软件复用方面未来的发展契机。     

膜A/O生物反应器集成技术在城市住宅小区中水回用工程中的应用研究

采用膜A／O生物反应器集成技术处理河北省保定市某住宅小区的生活污水．该工艺占地面积小．运行管理简单,出水水质完全达到了《城市杂用水水质标准》(GB／T18920-2002)中的相关要求．     

在CBSD中面向侧面设计及侧面的复用性

基于构件的软件开发为软件的高开发费用、低生产率、不可控制的软件质量和高风险性提供了有效的解决途径。但是基于构件的软件开发也遇到了系统横切方面的问题,很容易产生代码混乱和代码分散。面向侧面编程能实现关注点的分离,解决横切方面的问题。本文把面向侧面的思想引入到基于构件的软件开发中,结合一个图书管理系统来说明面向侧面的分析设计过程,阐述了面向侧面设计中遇到的问题及相应的解决方案,同时对侧面的复用性作了初步探讨。     

Reducing pollution from the deliming–bating operation in a tannery. Wastewater reuse by microfiltration membranes

This paper presents experimental results from the implementation of two measures aimed at reducing the nitrogen concentration in a tannery wastewater. Specifically, this research has focused on the wastewater from the deliming/bating operations. The proposed measures are the replacement of ammonium salts by carbon dioxide in the deliming process and the reuse of wastewater and chemicals after membrane filtration of the deliming/bating liquor. The experimental study covered different wastewater pretreatment alternatives and experiments with two membranes (with different separation properties): one in the range of microfiltration (MF) and one in the range of the ultrafiltration (UF). Results of the pretreatment study indicated that neither settling nor protein precipitation were feasible. Only a security filtration prior to membrane filtration was recommended. The tested MF membrane was selected due to the higher flux (around 25 L/(m² h)) in comparison with the UF membrane. The MF permeate was successfully reused in the deliming/bating process. The delimed leather quality was excellent according to both visual and organoleptic inspection from process technicians and phenolphthalein test, confirming the technical feasibility of the proposal. Globally, the implementation of the above mentioned two measures resulted in 53% total nitrogen reduction.