燃料电池不锈钢双极板CrN/CrC薄膜表面改性研究

采用离子镀技术在质子交换膜燃料电池不锈钢双极板表面制备了CrN/CrC多层薄膜。测试结果表明,与未镀膜的不锈钢基体相比,镀膜不锈钢的接触电阻(120N/cm2压紧力)降低2个数量级,并且耐蚀性能显著改善,腐蚀电流密度降低0.5~1个数量级。同时,镀膜不锈钢的耐久性亦大幅提升,改性薄膜可以有效保护不锈钢基体免受腐蚀损害。     

On the association between poly(vinyl alcohol) and sodium dodecyl sulfate and its effect on liquid–liquid interfacial tension: A mathematical model

Association between poly(vinyl alcohol-co-vinyl acetate) copolymer (PVA) and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) was studied experimentally and theoretically. It was found that, for the ethyl acetate-aqueous phase interface in which PVA was previously adsorbed, the interfacial tension (γ) increases abruptly to a maximum and then exhibits a relatively mild decay with the addition of SDS to the aqueous phase. The theoretical results indicate that vinyl acetate (VAc) segments determine γ. However, for relatively low concentrations of SDS (C_SDS), this latter plays a major role because through its association with the VAc segments it modulates the extent to which PVA is adsorbed at the interface, indirectly determining the value of γ. As C_SDS approaches to the CMC value for SDS, its influence on γ decreases because SDS tends to self-assembly rather than associates with VAc. These model predictions are consistent with experimental findings reported in the literature.     

一种奥氏体不锈钢在模拟PEMFC环境中的特性

由于低成本、高强度、易于加工成薄板及其耐蚀性,不锈钢被认为是用做质子交换膜燃料电池(PEMFC)双极板的理想材料。用电化学方法研究了一种奥氏体不锈钢在H2SO4和2mg/LF-水溶液中的腐蚀行为,测量了钝化膜与碳纸间的界面接触电阻。结果表明,这种奥氏体不锈钢在H2SO4和2mg/LF-水溶液中呈现明显的活化-钝化转变,随着H2SO4浓度降低,耐蚀性提高,界面接触电阻增大。     

Refreshing doping concept in perovskite piezoceramics: Composite modulation hidden behind lattice substitution

Chemical doping is favored by academia as well as industry because of its effectiveness in attuning to the properties of piezoceramics. Although significant progress has been made, few reports have focused on the role and overall effect of substituted ions. Based on the tendency of special crystals such as ZnO toward spontaneous growth, this study applies the concept of composite modulation to conventional doping; the CuO-modified 0.2Pb(Zn_1/3Nb_2/3)O₃-0.8Pb(Zr_1/2Ti_1/2)O₃ (PZN-PZT) system has been used for verification of the proposed method. The results show that copper ions enter the perovskite matrix to specifically replace the zinc ions causing lattice distortion and increasing the rhombohedral phase (RP) content. Furthermore, the substituted zinc ions enter the grain boundaries and grow into a secondary phase ZnO, based on their spontaneous-growth tendency; the induced heterogeneous interfacial effects lead to refinement of the domain size and enhancement of the interface polarization. The combined effects of the lattice substitution and composite modulation promote a significant improvement in the piezoelectric coefficient of the CuO-modified PZN-PZT system compared with its pure counterpart. The dual function of doping demonstrated in this study is expected to further contribute to the preparation and performance improvement of the other piezoelectric composites.     

一种测量液膜厚度的超声相控阵实验装置

气液两相流存在于核反应堆蒸发、飞行器冷却、化工生产降膜蒸发等过程,界面波的动态测量对工业过程监控和生产优 化具有重要意义。 界面波的准确识别与特性参数测量是开展科学研究与工程实践的重要前提。 基于超声相控阵测量系统,设 计了扇扫的测量方式,可以用于气液界面清晰的流型中液膜厚度和界面波形态三维测量。 通过静态标定和圆管验证,确定了像 素点和液膜厚度之间的关系,在气相表观流速为 0. 071 9~ 0. 431 6 m/ s,液相表观流速为 0. 056 7~ 1. 416 1 m/ s 的工况下进行实 时动态实验,获得了实时流动过程中较高精度的截面气液相界面信息,并构建了管道内部界面波三维分布形态,为界面波特性 研究提供了一种实验参考方法。     

EOC-g-MAH共混增韧SGF/PP泡沫复合材料的制备及力学性能

采用型内二次发泡工艺制备了马来酸酐接枝乙烯-1-辛烯共聚物(EOC-g-MAH)共混增韧短玻璃纤维(SGF)/聚丙烯(PP)泡沫复合材料,考察了EOC-g-MAH含量对复合材料的泡孔形貌、微观结构和力学性能的影响。结果表明,EOC-g-MAH的引入改善了泡沫体的发泡效果,平均孔径减小约35%,泡孔密度提高近4倍且分布均匀。SGF与基体间的界面结合得到显著增强,且EOC-g-MAH在SGF表面形成了颗粒黏附结构,大幅提高了SGF/PP泡沫复合材料的冲击韧度,并在质量分数为8%时达到最大值,增幅为77%。随着EOC-g-MAH质量分数的增加,SGF/PP泡沫复合材料的抗弯强度先增加后降低,而压缩强度则呈近似线性下降的变化趋势。     

聚氧丙烯链对延展型表面活性剂的双亲性贡献

以天然月桂醇为原料,采用丙氧基化反应、硫酸酯化反应和中和反应合成了系列月桂基聚氧丙烯醚硫酸钠(SLP_pS,依据月桂醇与环氧丙烷物质的量比计算得到p=3、6、9),采用红外和核磁氢谱对其进行了结构表征。考察了SLP_pS的表面张力、泡沫、乳化、润湿、去污、临界胶束温度和钙离子抗性等界面和胶束溶液性质,并与两种传统表面活性剂十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)和月桂基聚氧乙烯醚硫酸钠(SLE_3S)对比,突显聚氧丙烯(PPO)链对延展型表面活性剂性质的影响。结果表明,PPO链不仅为SLP_pS分子提供疏水贡献,使SLP_pS的表面张力降低至32.1 mN/m以下,并使其临界胶束浓度低至1.0×10~(-4) mol/L数量级,同时产生了优于SDS和SLE_3S的乳化、润湿和去污能力,而且提供弱的极性贡献,产生低于0℃的临界胶束温度和高于SDS约30倍的钙离子抗性。SLP_pS的优异性质使其适用于个人护理及家用清洁产品中。     

大分子界面改性剂对PA6/水镁石力学性能的影响

通过力学性能测试及扫描电子显微镜分析,探讨了自制的大分子界面改性剂对PA6／水镁石力学性能的影响,并与偶联剂TC-114进行了对比。结果表明,加入大分子界面改性剂与偶联剂TC-114相比,可以明显提高PA6／水镁石的力学性能,特别是断裂伸长率和冲击强度提高较大。     

界面区组分对层状水泥基材料力学行为的影响

研究了界面区组分的梯度分布对水泥基材料层状结构力学性能的影响，在非均匀应变模型的基础上，讨论了界面区组分梯度变化所表现的界面应力行为．结果表明，界面区组分梯度分布可以有效缓解界面残余应力，从而明显改善结构整体的力学行为．     

Growth behavior of interfacial compounds in galvanized steel joints with CuSi_3 filler under arc brazing

1Introduction Arc brazing is a relatively new joining technique.The main advantages over existing commercially available joining processes are its low cost and potential for being easily incorporated as a workstation in the production chain.This will sign…