形状记忆合金增强复合材料界面剪应力研究

为研究形状记忆合金长纤维增强复合材料界面剪应力的分布情况,基于单纤维双圆柱拔出模型,推导了脱粘区和粘结区界面剪应力表达式.基于复合材料内部温度分布均匀,马氏体体积分数只与纤维内部轴向应力和温度相关等假设,分别讨论了恒定外应力荷载条件下温度(303、323、343 K)、预应变水平(0％、2％、4％、6％)及固定脱粘长度对界面剪应力分布的影响.数值模拟结果表明,通过控制外界温度和预应变水平,可以改变模型最大界面剪应力的值,进而控制界面脱粘现象的发生.对进一步研究SMA长纤维增强复合材料界面力学行为提供了一定的理论参考.     

纳米SiO2对SMA复合材料界面强度的改善

形状记忆合金纤维与基体之间较弱的界面粘结强度在很大程度上限制了其发展与应用.本文试图用纳米SiO2颗粒来改善形状记忆合金复合材料的界面力学性能,并讨论了不同种类以及不同含量的纳米SiO2颗粒对形状记忆合金复合材料界面强度的影响,并采用扫描电镜和透射电镜的方法分析了其作用机理.实验结果表明,纳米SiO2颗粒的加入能够有效提高形状记忆合金纤维增强复合材料的界面粘结强度.     

基体界面屈服强度和残余应力失配对界面裂纹扩展的影响

对基体界面屈服强度和残余应力失配情况下的界面裂纹扩展机制进行了力学理论分析,并通过位错与裂纹的关系理论计算了界面裂纹尖端塑性区尺寸。结果表明:当界面裂纹由低强度区向高强度区扩展时,高强度区的残余压应力和屈服强度减少了裂纹尖端的塑性区长度和裂纹尖端张开位移,从而起到了抑制界面裂纹扩展的作用。     

新旧混凝土界面结合状态研究

研究了在不同的界面干湿状态下，几种常见的修补材料和界面剂对新旧混凝土界面结合强度的影响。运用拉拔强度评价新旧混凝土界面结合状态，并借助显微硬度仪测量界面处的显微硬度值对试验结果进行了验证和分析。结果表明，在界面处于不同的干湿状态时，提高新混凝土的强度可使结合强度略有增大。在修补材料中掺入纤维会明显提高界面结合强度，且聚丙烯纤维要优于碳纤维．使用界面剂后界面干湿程度对界面结合强度影响减小。     

Predicting Interfacial Loads between the Prosthetic Socket and the Residual Limb for Below-Knee Amputees – A Case Study

Abstract:  In this study, an artificial neural network (ANN) was deployed as a tool to determine the internal loads between the residual limb and prosthetic socket for below-knee amputees. This was achieved by using simulated load data to validate the ANN and captured clinical load data to predict the internal loads at the residual limb–socket interface. Load/pressure was applied to 16 regions of the socket, using loading pads in conjunction with a load applicator, and surface strains were collected using 15 strain gauge rosettes. A super-position program was utilised to generate training and testing patterns from the original load/strain data collected. Using this data, a back-propagation ANN, developed at the University of the West of England, was trained. The input to the trained network was the surface strains and the output the internal loads/pressure. The system was validated and the mean square error (MSE) of the system was found to be 8.8% for 1000 training patterns and 8.9% for 50 testing patterns, which was deemed an acceptable error. Finally, the validated system was used to predict pressure-sensitive/-tolerant regions at the limb–socket interface with great success.     

马氏体相变的界面吸引子模型

从经典的马氏体相界面运动方程出发,利用相平面分析,证明具有界面摩擦的马氏体相界面是吸引子,与理想的马氏体相界面的孤立子特征不同.通过对非线性方程解的分析,得到发生应力诱发马氏体相变的相界面趋向为焦点型定常吸引子,而热诱发相变的马氏体相界面趋向为结点型定常吸引子,因此考虑界面摩擦后相界面的运动与理想相界面的运动具有不同的非线性特征.     

纳米CaCO_3/ACR复合物的制备及在PVC改性中的应用

采用种子乳液聚合法合成了具有核壳结构的纳米C aCO3/ACR复合胶乳。将其与PVC进行共混,考察了不同界面结构对复合材料力学性能的影响,并用TEM、SEM对复合粒子分散情况及共混物断面形态进行了考察。结果表明,纳米复合粒子在PVC基质中达到了纳米级分散;用钛酸酯处理的纳米C aCO3优于用硬脂酸处理的纳米C aCO3的改性效果;核层与壳层单体比、壳层单体比都存在最佳值。     

利用金属间化合物增强陶瓷钎焊接头 --接头组织与界面反应

为了提高Si3N4陶瓷连接接头高温性能及减小接头因热膨胀系数不匹配而产生的应力,采用Ag-Cu-Ti钎料和NiTi复合中间层进行半固态连接.接头组织观察表明,钎缝主要由NiTi(Cu)金属间化合物和Ag-Cu基体组成.研究表明,Ni与Ti的加入量对于钎缝中金属间化合物的形态及钎缝与母材界面反应层的形成具有十分重要的影响.     

On the reinitialization procedure in a narrow‐band locally refined level set method for interfacial flows

A local level set algorithm for simulating interfacial flows described by the two‐dimensional incompressible Navier–Stokes equations is presented. The governing equations are solved using a finite‐difference discretization on a Cartesian grid and a second‐order approximate projection method. The level set transport and reinitialization equations are solved in a narrow band around the interface using an adaptive refined grid, which is reconstructed every time step and refined using a simple uniform cell‐splitting operation within the band. Instabilities at the border of the narrow band are avoided by smoothing the level set function in the outer part of the band. The influence of different PDE‐based reinitialization strategies on the accuracy of the results is investigated. The ability of the proposed method to accurately compute interfacial flows is discussed using different tests, namely the advection of a circle of fluid in two different time‐reversed vortex flows, the advection of Zalesak's rotating disk, the propagation of small‐amplitude gravity and capillary waves at the interface between two superposed viscous fluids in deep water, and a classical test of Rayleigh–Taylor instability with and without surface tension effects. The interface location error and area loss for some of the results obtained are compared with those of a recent particle level set method. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

表面活性剂结构与乳液稳定性之间关系研究

以AEO、TX、EL、SPan—Tween系列非离子活性剂为乳化剂，白油和癸二酸二辛酯(DOS)为分散相，实验考察了各乳液体系的抗聚并稳定特性。根据乳液稳定性理论分析，认为非离子活性剂分子亲油基团的结构及其与油相分子的相似度对乳液油水界面粘性及相应乳液抗聚并稳定性会产生较大的影响。