The benefits and costs of repeated memory tests for young and older adults.

Repeated and prolonged searches of memory can lead to an increase in how much is recalled, but they can also lead to memory errors. These 3 experiments addressed the costs and benefits of repeated and prolonged memory tests for both young and older adults. Participants saw and imagined pictures of objects, some of which were physically or conceptually similar, and then took a series of repeated or prolonged recall tests. Both young and older adults recalled more on later tests than on earlier ones, though the increase was less marked for older adults. In addition, despite recalling less than did young adults, older adults made more similarity-based source misattributions (i.e., claiming an imagined item was seen if it was physically or conceptually similar to a seen item). Similar patterns of fewer benefits and more costs for older adults were seen on both free and forced recall tests and on timed and self-paced tests. Findings are interpreted in terms of age-related differences in binding processes. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The Gender Congruency Effect and the Selection of Freestanding and Bound Morphemes: Evidence From Croatian.

The authors report 3 picture-word interference experiments in which they explore some properties of the agreement process in speech production. In Experiment 1, Croatian speakers were asked to produce utterances in which the noun's gender value had an impact on the selection of gender-marked freestanding morphemes (pronouns) while ignoring the presentation of same- or different-gender distractor words. In Experiments 2 and 3, Croatian speakers were asked to name the same pictures using noun phrases in which the noun's gender value surfaced as an inflectional suffix. Different-gender distractors interfered more than same-gender distractors (the gender congruency effect) in Experiment 1, but not in Experiments 2 and 3. These contrasting results show that the cause of the gender congruency effect is not at the level where lexical-grammatical information is selected but at the level of selection of freestanding morphemes. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

��չ����Ȼ��Ϊԭ�ϵ�ȼ�ϵ������

研究燃料汽车及其氢源系统是当今国内外能源工业与汽车工业的共同课题，而优选制氢能源则是这一课题的关键。章介绍了利用能源、经济、环境(EEE)——生命周期评估(LCA)这一综合评估方法，针对以天然气、煤或石油作为制氢能源的多种燃料电池氢源供应方式以及配套的燃料电池汽车系统，从经济性、能源利用效率和环境影响三个方面进行了生命周期清单分析和EEE综合评价。结果显示：天然气作为发展燃料电池汽车氢源的一次能源，具有氢制取技术路线多样化、经济上竞争力强、能源利用效率高和环境效益好等诸多优势，应为燃料电池汽车的首选制氢能源。对这一评估模型的敏感性分析显示，即使在天然气价格波动较大时，天然气制甲醇--甲醇车载重整车和天然气制氢--纯氢车这两个方案仍然最具优势。     

When more is less: A counterintuitive effect of distractor frequency in the picture-word interference paradigm.

Pictures were shown with superimposed word distractors of high and low frequency. Low-frequency distractors produced greater interference on picture naming than did high-frequency distractors. This distractor frequency effect was not affected by manipulations that facilitated or hindered distractor recognition. Interference was reduced for distractors that were read aloud several times prior to being shown in the picture-naming task. Together these findings suggest that the distractor frequency effect has its locus at some stage of lexical access for production. Other findings further constrain hypotheses about which level of speech production is involved in the effect. The distractor frequency effect has implications for models of lexical processing in speaking as well as for accounts of picture-word interference and the frequency effect. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

可再生能源在空调制冷中的应用

针对目前压缩式制冷技术带来的能源短缺和环境污染问题，介绍了几种可再生能源在空调制冷中的应用技术，如地道风供冷、地源热泵系统、太阳能空调制冷，分析了可再生能源用于空调制冷的特点及发展现状，并对其应用前景做了展望。     

基于免疫算法的Hopfield神经网络多用户检测器

提出的基于免疫算法的Hopfield神经网络多用户检测器，将扰乱的Hopfield神经网络多用户检测器的输出作为免疫算法的初始种群，利用了免疫算法的全局收敛的特点，从而克服了Hopfield易收敛到局部能量最小点的缺点。理论分析和仿真结果表明：该检测器具有良好的抗多址干扰和抗远近效应的能力。     

非无线电设备的无线电波辐射

介绍了电磁辐射的分类和非无线电辐射造成的各种危害，指出了可能产生电磁辐射的设备，给出了几种特殊情况的辐射值，并结合国际标准和国家标准，分析了电磁干扰的管理现状，最后提出了减少非无线电设备电磁辐的几种方法。     

Biosorption of heavy metals by Saccharomyces cerevisiae: Effects of nutrient conditions

Studies took place to investigate the effects of different nutrient conditions on the biosorption ability and selectivity of heavy metals by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. After having grown in media supplemented with additional glucose, ammonium, phosphate or cysteine, the yeast was exposed to an equimolar solution of lead, cadmium, zinc and copper. Lead removal from a mixed solution was significantly higher than that of copper, followed by zinc and cadmium. Generally, yeasts from cysteine-rich media showed greatest sorption capacity whereas phosphate addition influenced zinc selectivity. In addition, glucose, fructose and sucrose as carbon sources were examined. Cultures grown in glucose had a better uptake than those cultivated with fructose at an incubation time of 30 min.     

激光散斑干涉法测定干涉螺接孔边应力分布

本文提出一种测量孔边干涉螺接应力分布的新实验方法,用激光散斑干涉技术测量出由干涉螺接应力形成的孔周位移场分布,进而确定孔这应力分布,在保证测量精度同时,该方法体现出了简单,实用,有效等优点。     

Accumulation and Mixing of Oils in Jinghu Sag of Subei Basin： Constraints from Thermal Maturity Parameters

Oils in Jinghu sag are abundant with high content of polar compounds and have a low ratio of saturate to aromatic hydrocarbons and a high ratio of resin to asphaltene. The gross composition of oils in the Jinghu sag suggests typical immature to low mature characteristics. Some compounds with low thermal stability were identified. Light hydrocarbons, a carbon preference index, an odd even index, n-alkane and hopane maturity parameters show mature features and little differences in the maturity level among oils. Sterane isomerization parameters indicate an immature to low mature status of oil. Transfer of the sedimentary center during sedimentation has led to different thermal histories among subsags and thus generated oils with different maturities. On the basis of source analyses, four migration and accumulation patterns with different maturity can be classified. Combined with available information on mergers of source, reservoir and long distance oil lateral migration, mixing conditions were present in the Jinghu sag. Experimental results indicate that maturity variations are caused by mixtures of hydrocarbons with different maturity.