On the importance of some surface and interface characteristics in the formation of the properties of adhesive joints

The importance of some relative surface characteristics which determines the strength of adhesive joints: specific surface of substrate , relative contact area β and specific contact area β in the adhesion interaction process were emphasised. Existing and potential methods of experimental evaluation of these characteristics were shortly analysed. The durability of the adhesive joints in water media significantly increases with growth of specific surface ^* of chemically treated substrate evaluated from the SEM micrographs. Specific surface calculated from the experimental data of hexane adsorption measurements for iron particles (particulate model of steel substrate) is more then ten times greater than respective ^* values. The relative contact area β of the Al₂O₃ particles (in wide range of ) with PE melt was in a roundabout way evaluated by experimental determination of the affect of on kinetic of peel strength formation of adhesive joints: Al₂O₃ filled PE-steel. The speculation was based on the ability of Al₂O₃ to adsorb low-molecular products of contact oxidation of PE which takes place in the process of formation of adhesive joints and determines their strength. The ability of sorption in its turn is proportional to efficient value of β. The availability of the Al₂O₃ surface was evaluated.     

Available nitrogen in soils and its determination by the ‘Nmin-method’ and by electroultrafiltration (EUF)

Excess nitrogen fertilizer rates are an environmental hazard. To avoid excess rates, the level of available nitrogen in the soil must be known and considered for assessing the nitrogen fertilizer rate. In arable soils nitrate and exchangeable ammonium in the rooting depth of a crop are directly available to plant roots. These two nitrogen forms are recovered with the Nmin method and they are considered in assessing the nitrogen fertilizer rate for arable crops.Besides nitrate and ammonium recovered by the Nmin method from soil samples taken in early spring, a considerable amount of organic soil nitrogen may be mineralized during the growth period and contribute to crop nutrition. The nitrogen mineralization potential can be determined in incubation tests. The absolute quantities of mineralized nitrogen thus obtained, however, are much higher than the mineralization rates under field conditions. It is for this reason that incubation tests have not obtained a major importance for assessing nitrogen fertilizer rates.With the electro-ultrafiltration (EUF) method nitrate, ammonium, and a minor portion of organic soil nitrogen are extracted from a soil suspension. There is experimental evidence that this organic nitrogen (=Norg) is easily mineralizable. Based on field experiments with cereals and maize formulae were established by which the nitrogen fertilizer rate can be calculated. In these formulae nitrate, ammonium and organic nitrogen extracted by EUF are considered.Advantages and drawbacks of the Nmin method and EUF method are discussed.     

Fissure evolution and evaluation of pressure-relief gas drainage in the exploitation of super-remote protected seams

Based on nonlinearity contact theory and the geological structure of the Xieqiao Coal Mine in the newly developed Huainan coal field, rock movements, mining fissures and deformation of overlying strata were simulated by using the interface unit of FLAC3D to evaluate the pressure-relief gas drainage in the exploitation of super-remote protected seams. The simulation indicates that the height of the water flowing fractured zone is 54 m in the overlying strata above the protective layer. The maximum relative swelling deformation of the C 13 coal seam is 0.232%,while the mining height is 3.0 m and the distance from the B8 roof to the C13 floor is 129 m, which provides good agreement with a similar experiment and in situ results. The feasibility of exploitation of a super-remote protective coal seam and the performance of the pressure-relief gas drainage in a super-remote protected layer are evaluated by comparisons with practice projects. It demonstrates that the relieved gas in the super-remote protected layers could be better drained and it is feasible to exploit the B8 coal seam before the C13 super-remote protected coal seam. The method is applicable for the study of rock movements, mining fissures and deformation of the overburden, using the interface unit to analyze the contact problems in coal mines.     

Dependence of domain wall structures on repetition n in[Pt（0.5 nm）/Co（0.4 nm）]n/NiO（1.1 nm）/[Co（0.4 nm）/Pt（0.5 nm）]n multilayers

The magnetic force microscopy and a sample vibrating magnetometer have been used to investigate the domain structure in two antiferromagnetically coupled Co/Pt multilayers.In the antiferromagnetic coupled[Pt(0.5 nm)/Co(0.4 nm)]_n/NiO(1.1 nm)/[Co(0.4 nm)/Pt(0.5 nm)]_n multilayers with perpendicular anisotropy,the antiferromagnetic interlayer coupling strength increases linearly with the repetition number n in Co/Pt multilayers.In demagnetized states,relatively shifted domain walls in the two Co/Pt multila...     

Al金属多晶硅纳米膜欧姆接触的制作

利用低压化学气相淀积法（LPCVD）在表面有热氧化二氧化硅的（100）硅衬底上生长80nm厚多晶硅纳米膜,并对其界面进行表征.制作出单层Al金属的欧姆接触样品,在不同退火温度条件下对样片的电阻进行测量.结果表明,退火使欧姆接触的电阻率降低,接触电阻率可达到2.41×10-3Ω.cm2.     

蚯蚓体表与土壤接触界面动态行为仿真

应用离散元软件PFC2D建立了蚯蚓波纹体表与土壤界面动态行为仿真模型,对比分析了光滑和波纹试样的接触界面、接触力场和接触颗粒数以及滑动阻力,得出:当波纹表面的摩擦力与土壤颗粒对波纹凸起处的向后推力之和小于光滑表面的摩擦力时,波纹表面起到减阻作用;如果土壤颗粒对波纹表面凸起处的向后推力过大,波纹会起到增加阻力的作用。另外,试样运动时,波纹表面比光滑表面对土壤的扰动大。随着垂直载荷的增加,波纹表面和光滑表面的滑动阻力均增加,且波纹表面的降阻效果减弱;随着前进速度的增加,2种试样滑动阻力的增加,但波纹表面的滑动阻力的增长小于光滑表面,即速度高时波纹表面降阻明显。结果表明:蚯蚓非光滑表面的减阻能力与接触界面特性和外部条件有关。研究结果可为揭示非光滑表面的减阻机制提供研究方法和参考。     

层间接触条件对沥青路面高温性能的影响研究

应用BISAR软件计算了不同层间接触条件下的沥青面层剪应力,通过直剪试验测定了洒布不同粘层材料的复合马歇尔试件的抗剪强度,并采用车辙试验测定复合式车辙板的DS和总变形量.研究结果表明:完全光滑的层间接触条件大幅提高了沥青面层的最大剪应力,加速沥青面层发生剪切破坏而出现车辙;粘层提高了层间抗剪强度,不同的粘层材料对层间接触条件的改善效果不同;高抗剪强度的层间接触能提高复合式车辙板的高温性能.     

改性石英砂的润湿性能研究

对经过改性处理之后的普通石英砂的润湿性能进行了研究。实验采用滴水穿透时间法（WDPT）、酒精溶液入渗法（MED）、接触角测定法三种方法。通过这三种方法来定性和定量地描述其润湿性能。实验结果表明：直接经过酸化处理的石英砂与经过硅烷化处理的石英砂的润湿性能有着明显的改变,前者较普通石英砂表现更为亲水,而后者表现出斥水性。此研究为用石英砂模拟不同润湿性能土壤提供了表面改性方法以及前期的理论准备。     

Mathematical models of grinding manufacture and tooth contact analysis of spherical gears

The spherical gear is a gear-driven mechanism with two degrees of freedom (DOF), which can transfer spatial motion and power. Grinding machining of the spherical gear is performed with a plate grinding wheel by using generating method, and based on mathematical model of the plate grinding wheel, the mathematical model of the spherical gear is set up. And then, the meshing model of a spherical gear pair is developed and the tooth contact analysis (TCA) of the spherical gear pairs is performed. After that, th...     

Temporal evolution of contacts and communities in networks of face-to-face human interactions

Temporal dynamics of social interaction networks as well as the analysis of communities are key aspects to gain a better understanding of the involved processes, important influence factors, their effects, and their structural implications. In this article, we analyze temporal dynamics of contacts and the evolution of communities in networks of face-to-face proximity. As our application context, we consider four scientific coil- ferences. On a structural level, we focus on static and dynamic properties of the contact graphs. Also, we analyze the resulting community structure using state-of-the-art automatic community detection algorithms. Specifically, we analyze tile evolution of contacts and communities over time to consider the stability of the respective conmmnities. Furthermore, we assess different factors which have an influence on the quality of com- munity prediction. Overall, we provide first important insights into the evolution of contacts and communities in face-to-face contact networks.