我国烟田杂草研究现状及防治对策展望

杂草防除是农业生产所面临的持久挑战,为应对这一挑战,实现烟田杂草的有效控制,本文介绍了我国烟田杂草种类和发生规律研究概况,简述了烟田杂草调查的量化参数,回顾了杂草种子库的研究,综述了杂草防除方法,分析了除草剂药害问题,同时对未来烟田杂草绿色防控对策,如植物化感物质研究与利用、杂草生物防治及杂草生物学研究等进行了展望。期望为我国烟田杂草的研究与防除提供参考。     

5种杀虫剂对入侵我国美洲棘蓟马成虫室内毒力测定

[目的]美洲棘蓟马Echinothrips americanus Morgan是国内新报道的外来种类,可对多种温室作物造成危害.采用玻璃残留处理法测定了5种杀虫剂对美洲棘蓟马成虫的毒力.[结果]5种杀虫剂对美洲棘蓟马成虫的毒力排序为毒死蜱＜啶虫脒＜阿维菌素＜高效氯氰菊酯＜多杀霉素.[结论]在防治中应避免使用毒死蜱等对该虫毒性较低的杀虫剂进行防治,尽量选用毒性较高的生物源类杀虫剂多杀霉素,交替使用菊酯类和烟碱类农药.     

8种茎叶处理除草剂对棉田杂草的防除效果

[目的]为了筛选防除黄河流域棉区棉田杂草的理想药剂,采用茎叶喷雾法对8种棉田常用茎叶处理除草剂进行了田间药效试验。[结果]10.8%高效氟吡甲禾灵EC、15%精吡氟禾草灵EC、10%精喹禾灵EC和6.9%精唑禾草灵EW对棉田常见禾本科杂草的防效明显,田间分别按照81、180、90、82.8 g a.i./hm2使用后,药后30 d的株防效可达80%以上,鲜质量防效高达98%以上;而75%嘧硫草醚WG、20%百草枯AS、41%草甘膦异丙胺盐AS、75%三氟啶磺隆钠盐WP能显著地抑制阔叶杂草的生长。[结论]若棉田以禾本科杂草为主,可以选用10.8%高效氟吡甲禾灵EC、15%精吡氟禾草灵EC、10%精喹禾灵EC和6.9%精唑禾草灵EW,于杂草2~3叶期进行茎叶喷雾;若田间阔叶杂草发生较重,可用20%百草枯AS或41%草甘膦异丙胺盐AS进行行间定向喷雾处理。     

单季晚稻机插田化学除草技术

[目的]随着小苗机插稻田面积的扩大,机插田草害发生也日益严重,为有效控制机插田杂草的危害,2008—2009年在浙江省桐庐县单季晚稻机插田进行不同施药时期和施药剂量对主要杂草防效试验。[结果]5%丁草胺GR 750 g a.i./hm2+10%苄嘧磺隆WP 30 g a.i./hm2和20%乙.苄WP 90 g a.i./hm2在插后3 d施药,插后50 d对总草鲜质量防效极显著高于插后7 d的防效。53%苄嘧.苯噻酰WP 318、477、636 g a.i./hm2于插后5 d施药,药后30、50 d,对异型莎草、阔叶草、总杂草的防效有差异;而50%苄.丁.异丙隆WP 450、600 g a.i./hm2的防效差异均不显著;药后50 d对总草株防效均达93%以上、鲜质量防效99%以上,且增产8.2%~14.4%。上述处理除20%乙.苄WP 90 g a.i./hm2在药后15 d内对机插稻有一定影响外,其余均较安全。[结论]在小苗机插后3~5 d,使用5%丁草胺GR 750 g a.i./hm2+10%苄嘧磺隆WP 30 g a.i./hm2或53%苄嘧.苯噻酰WP 318~636 g a.i./hm2,或...     

抗除草剂转基因作物在美国杂草防除中的地位

以美国为例,介绍了抗除草剂转基因作物在杂草防除中的地位。     

Sinanodonta woodiana (mollusca: bivalvia: unionidae): isolation and characterization of the first microsatellite markers

Sinanodonta woodiana (Lea, 1834) is a large Unionid species with a real invasion success. It colonized Europe, Central America, the Indonesian Islands and recently North America. The species life cycle involves a larval parasitic stage on freshwater fish species which contributes to the spread of the mussel. In this paper we describe, for the first time, eight polymorphic microsatellite loci for the species Sinanodonta woodiana. The genetic screening of individuals confirmed that all loci were highly polymorphic. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 7 to 14 and the observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.650 to 0.950. These loci should prove useful to study the species population genetics which could help to infer important aspects of the invasion process.     

75%环嗪酮水分散粒剂防除森林防火道杂草田间药效试验

为明确75%环嗪酮水分散粒剂对森林防火道杂草灌的防效,掌握最佳使用剂量,对其进行了田间药效试验。结果表明,75%环嗪酮水分散粒剂1800～2250ga.i./hm2对杂草有明显的防除效果,茎叶喷雾处理20d对试验地杂草灌的株防效可达82.1%~92.2%,40d平均鲜重防效达87.5%~92.2%。     

Significant Decline in Galactomannan Signal during Storage of Clinical Serum Samples

Galactomannan (GM) is widely used for detection of invasive aspergillosis in high-risk haemato-oncology patients. Recent publications have reported a lack of repeatability of GM detection. The objective of this retrospective study was to assess the repeatability of GM levels during storage of clinical samples. In a GM screening strategy, positive sera were repeat tested as per manufacturer’s recommendations. Short-term (ST) storage of samples was at +4 °C while long-term (LT) storage was at −80 °C. Bronchoalveolar (BAL) fluid was also repeating tested after ST storage and LT storage. Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test was employed to assess the repeatability of GM levels. In a subset of 14 GM positive sera, repeat testing was performed on both the original serum and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) pre-treated sample. There was a significant reduction in GM signals on repeat testing following ST storage (median GM index: 0.65 vs. 0.19; p < 0.001) and LT storage (median GM index: 0.56 vs. 0.10; p < 0.001) of serum samples. Of samples that were initially GM positive, an average GM index reduction of 50% was seen, with approximately two-thirds becoming GM negative on repeat testing of the same sample. In contrast, GM signal loss was not seen on repeat testing of BAL fluid following ST or LT storage. When GM positive serum samples were repeat tested using EDTA pre-treated serum from the first step of the testing protocol, all samples remained GM positive. In contrast, when the same samples were repeat tested from the original collected serum, 9 samples (64%) became GM negative. The significant reduction in GM signals during ST and LT storage of serum samples has implications for clinical management. Although the reasons for GM decline are unknown, they occur prior to the EDTA pre-treatment stage, indicating that the time from phlebotomy to testing should be minimized. BAL fluid GM index values remain stable.     

腹腔镜机器人控制系统的设计及实现

根据机器人辅助微创手术任务的特点设计了腹腔镜机器人控制系统．研究了基于运动控制卡的 开放式机器人控制器结构,设计了机器人伺服系统及相应控制器硬件接口,采用面向对象的技术和模块化思 想开发了系统控制软件,应用灵活度和可操作度概念建立了腹腔镜机器人的手术规划和控制平台．通过调试 伺服参数提高了系统控制性能．实验表明,该腹腔镜机器人控制系统具有稳定性、高可靠性和多任务适应性, 满足微创手术需求．     

年龄导致微创动态血糖监测异常原因分析及处理措施

目的分析年龄对微创型动态血糖监测（CGM）的影响,分析导致CGM监测异常的原因。方法连续选择2012年1月至12月于我院内分泌科诊治患者196例,按照年龄是否大于等于60岁分为老年组（105例）及对照组（91例）。2组患者均使用同一品牌型号微创型CGM仪监测血糖。结果 CGM监测中,老年T2DM组血糖过高频次、血糖过低频次及血糖异常总频次均显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义。CGM监测异常报警原因分析中,老年T2DM组异常报警总频次、校准错误报警频次、断开报警频次及探头信号不在正常范围报警频次均显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义。2组对象CGMS中图像异常原因分析中,老年T2DM组老年T2DM组图像异常总次数、关机原因次数均显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义。结论老年T2DM患者CGM监测易出现血糖异常、异常报警及图像异常,医护人员应通过详细讲解接受CGM监测注意事项、制定老年患者CGM监测方案、规范CGM操作流程降低异常发生率。