基于神经网络的杂草图像分割算法

在自动除草系统中优化杂草图像分割算法是降低识别误差的有效途径,为此提出了一种基于神经网络的分割算法。首先由训练样本统计出植被和背景在RGB颜色空间的分布概率,接着通过Bayes理论得出最优分割曲面训练BP神经网络,再通过BP神经网络将各种颜色分为植被和背景两类,并据此分割杂草图像。与其他三种杂草图像分割算法比较,新方法以颜色代替像素点为研究对象并据此构造最优分割曲面从而减小了分割误差并具备较好的泛化能力。     

野草猴群算法的传感器优化布置方法研究

简易猴群算法存在初始化分布随机、爬步长固定、优秀猴子特征信息不能传承等缺陷,使算法求解性能受限。为解决以上问题,提出了一种用于传感器优化布置的野草猴群算法。该算法利用正态分布方法提高初始种群的多样性;采取自适应爬步长提升求解速度和搜索精度;融入野草繁殖进化和竞争排斥机制,扩大后代种群繁殖中优秀猴子的影响范围。以常用的模态置信度矩阵为传感器优化布置的目标函数,配置传感器的布置位置。以常用的8个测试函数和3个常用算法对其进行分析,验证了算法的可行性和有效性。最后以糊底机涂胶机构为例,进行传感器优化布置方案选择。实验结果表明,野草猴群算法的求解精度较简易猴群算法有大幅提高。     

一种带局部搜索功能的入侵杂草优化算法

为了改善入侵杂草优化算法解的质量,提出一种带局部搜索功能的入侵杂草优化算法。该算法按照一定概率对每代产生的最优个体执行球体局部搜索算子或Logistic映射搜索算子,在最优个体周围进行精细搜索,并用搜索到的较优个体代替最优个体,提高了算法的局部搜索能力和优化精度。并对7个测试函数进行了仿真实验,结果表明:该算法具有较高的优化性能。     

CT导航微创外科混联机器人拓扑结构分析

分析了CT导航微创外科手术环境对机器人的特殊要求,提出了一种新型串并混联机器人构型 .详细讨论了机器人的串、并联拓扑结构的设计依据,比较了多种串联微创外科机械臂的结 构类型,明确了串联部分的构型.针对传统并联机构灵活性较小的不足,提出并分析了并联 机构的结构框架,确定了并联部分的结构.基于螺旋理论重点求解了并联机构的位移输出特 征方程及其自由度,同时给出了串联部分的位移输出特征矩阵.通过灵活性仿真,验证了该 机器人可用于CT受限空间的微创外科定位手术.本文对于新型医疗机器人的构型设计提供了 一种理论参考.     

A preliminary study on the status of invasive palm squirrels in Oman

ABSTRACT

Palm squirrels of the genus Funambulus are reported as invasive in the Sultanate of Oman for the first time. These squirrels have been recorded in seven locations in northern Oman contributing to a total of 11 records. Seven records were of the Five-striped northern palm squirrel, Funambulus pennantii (Wroughton, 1905) and species identification was indeterminate for four records. Funambulus pennantii was supposed to be the only species in United Arab Emirates (UAE), but here evidence is shown for the presence of the Three-striped Indian palm squirrel, Funambulus palmarum (Linnaeus, 1776) in Ras Al Khaimah. So, there is a possibility that this species may also occur in Oman. These palm squirrels are feeding on the fruits of Ziziphus spina-christi (L.) Desf. and the date palm, Phoenix dactylifera (L.) Mill. There is an indication that these species could become pests on date palms. Their abundance is low at present in Oman, but they are well established in the adjacent UAE from where sustained invasion is possible. They are also available through pet shops in Oman. The invasion of Oman by the palm squirrels is in its infancy and strategies should be formulated to eradicate/control them as a matter of priority.     

CD34+ Stromal Cells/Telocytes as a Source of Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts (CAFs) in Invasive Lobular Carcinoma of the Breast

Several origins have been proposed for cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), including resident CD34+ stromal cells/telocytes (CD34+SCs/TCs). The characteristics and arrangement of mammary CD34+SCs/TCs are well known and invasive lobular carcinoma of the breast (ILC) is one of the few malignant epithelial tumours with stromal cells that can express CD34 or αSMA, which could facilitate tracking these cells. Our objective is to assess whether tissue-resident CD34+SCs/TCs participate in the origin of CAFs in ILCs. For this purpose, using conventional and immunohistochemical procedures, we studied stromal cells in ILCs (n:42) and in normal breasts (n:6, also using electron microscopy). The results showed (a) the presence of anti-CD34+ or anti-αSMA+ stromal cells in varying proportion (from very rare in one of the markers to balanced) around nests/strands of neoplastic cells, (b) a similar arrangement and location of stromal cells in ILC to CD34+SCs/TCs in the normal breast, (c) both types of stromal cells coinciding around the same nest of neoplastic cells and (d) the coexpression of CD34 and αSMA in stromal cells in ILC. In conclusion, our findings support the hypothesis that resident CD34+SCs/TCs participate as an important source of CAFs in ILC. Further studies are required in this regard in other tumours.     

A Bioinformatics Systems Biology Analysis of the Current Oral Proteomic Biomarkers and Implications for Diagnosis and Treatment of External Root Resorption

External root resorption (ERR) is a silent destructive phenomenon detrimental to dental health. ERR may have multiple etiologies such as infection, inflammation, traumatic injuries, pressure, mechanical stimulations, neoplastic conditions, systemic disorders, or idiopathic causes. Often, if undiagnosed and untreated, ERR can lead to the loss of the tooth or multiple teeth. Traditionally, clinicians have relied on radiographs and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images for the diagnosis of ERR; however, these techniques are not often precise or definitive and may require exposure of patients to more ionizing radiation than necessary. To overcome these shortcomings, there is an immense need to develop non-invasive approaches such as biomarker screening methods for rapid and precise diagnosis for ERR. In this review, we performed a literature survey for potential salivary or gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) proteomic biomarkers associated with ERR and analyzed the potential pathways leading to ERR. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first proteomics biomarker survey that connects ERR to body biofluids which represents a novel approach to diagnose and even monitor treatment progress for ERR.     

Rapid histologic diagnosis using quick fluorescence staining and tissue confocal microscopy

With the development of advanced and minimally invasive surgical techniques, and in view of the functional and cosmetic aspects, the need for rapid and accurate diagnosis during surgery is increasing. This study was conducted to develop a tissue diagnosis method using confocal microscopy after simple tissue staining that does not require freezing and slicing. At present, fluorescence staining with confocal microscopy is not generalized for real‐time diagnosis during surgery. In this paper, we propose a fluorescence staining method using Hoechst 33342 and Eosin that does not require tissue freezing and slicing. The proposed method can be used as part of a rapid tissue diagnosis method that is suitable for use in the operating room, although further research is required before it can be applied in clinical practice.     

Formononetin 7-O-glucoside (ononin), an additional growth inhibitor in soils associated with the weed,Pluchea lanceolata (DC) C.B. Clarke (Asteraceae)

Formononetin 7-O-glucoside (ononin), an isoflavonoid, was isolated from the soils of cultivated areas associated with the perennial weed,Pluchea lanceolata. Aqueous solutions of this compound inhibited significantly root and shoot growth of mustard at 1×10^–4 M, 5×10^–4 M, and 1×10^–3M. The level of inhibition was similar to that of hesperidin and taxifolin 3-arabinoside, as reported earlier. The potential allelopathic effect of this compound under field conditions is discussed.     

采用位置混沌重构的入侵杂草优化在盲源分离的应用

传统盲源分离（blind source separation,BSS）优化算法的应用场合非常有限,而且分离性能不高,为此提出了一种新的采用位置混沌重构的入侵杂草优化算法（invasive weed optimization,IWO）,并对其在盲源分离的应用进行了研究。新算法在每轮更新的初期驱动选出的较优个体向此时种群的最优个体做适当距离的移动,这样不仅会增加种群的多样性,避免算法出现早熟,而且收敛速度也较快。盲信号分离仿真实验证实,与标准IWO、粒子群优化算法（particle swarm optimization,PSO）和自然梯度算法（natural gradient,NG）相比,新算法的性能优势明显,收敛速度较快,分离精度较高。