Photopolymerizable liquid encapsulants for microelectronic devices: Thermal and mechanical properties of systems with reduced in‐mold cure times

Photopolymerizable liquid encapsulants (PLEs) for microelectronic devices may offer important advantages over traditional transfer molding compounds, including reduced in‐mold cure times, lower thermal stresses, and reduced wire sweep. In this contribution, we discuss an encapsulation process based upon a low viscosity resin that cures rapidly upon exposure to UV light. These highly filled PLEs are comprised of an epoxy novolac‐based vinyl ester resin (～25 wt %), fused silica filler (70–74 wt %), photoinitiator, silane coupling agent, and, in some cases, a thermal initiator. We have characterized the material properties (flexural strength and modulus, coefficient of thermal expansion, glass transition temperature, and thermal stress parameter) of PLEs cured with UV illumination times of 60, 90, and 120 s, as well as, the thermal conductivity and adhesive peel strength of PLEs photocured for 90 s. In addition, we investigated the effect of the fused silica loading and the initiation scheme on these properties. The results indicate that the PLEs are very promising for microelectronic encapsulation. These liquid encapsulants cure (to an ejectable hardness) in 1 min for an initiating light intensity of 200 mW/cm², and exhibit appropriate values for the thermal and mechanical properties listed above. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 81: 3449–3461, 2001     

Vapour–liquid slip in a parallel-plate electrochemical fluorination reactor

A mathematical model was used to study the effect of slip between the gas and liquid phases on the performance of an electrochemical fluorination reactor. The model incorporates two-phase flow with differential material, energy and pressure balances. The effect of slip on the temperature, pressure, gas fraction and current distribution in the reactor is presented under relatively severe operating conditions. In addition, the effect of slip on the cell voltage, current efficiency and energy usage is shown at different flow rates over a wide current range. It was found that slip of the gas past the liquid is insignificant under normal operating conditions, but it is significant at high cell currents and low flow rates. Under these more severe operating conditions, slip significantly reduces the cell voltage, and hence the energy usage, since less gas resides in the reactor.     

利用标志法研究钒—硅酸锆蓝色颜料的生成机理

标志法用来研究钒-硅酸锆蓝色颜料形成过程中的离子移动问题，借此了解该颜料的生成机理。结果表明Si^4 和Zr^4 中Si^4 是唯一可以移动的离子；NaF的加入有利于SiO2的玻璃化，因而对硅离子的迁移有一定贡献，但其移动更依赖于NaF和NH4VO3反应所形成的液相。此外，ZrO2的溶解也是硅酸锆生成的一个限制因素。     

Mass spectrometry of peptides and proteins from human blood

It is difficult to convey the accelerating rate and growing importance of mass spectrometry applications to human blood proteins and peptides. Mass spectrometry can rapidly detect and identify the ionizable peptides from the proteins in a simple mixture and reveal many of their post‐translational modifications. However, blood is a complex mixture that may contain many proteins first expressed in cells and tissues. The complete analysis of blood proteins is a daunting task that will rely on a wide range of disciplines from physics, chemistry, biochemistry, genetics, electromagnetic instrumentation, mathematics and computation. Therefore the comprehensive discovery and analysis of blood proteins will rank among the great technical challenges and require the cumulative sum of many of mankind's scientific achievements together. A variety of methods have been used to fractionate, analyze and identify proteins from blood, each yielding a small piece of the whole and throwing the great size of the task into sharp relief. The approaches attempted to date clearly indicate that enumerating the proteins and peptides of blood can be accomplished. There is no doubt that the mass spectrometry of blood will be crucial to the discovery and analysis of proteins, enzyme activities, and post‐translational processes that underlay the mechanisms of disease. At present both discovery and quantification of proteins from blood are commonly reaching sensitivities of ～1 ng/mL. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc., Mass Spec Rev 30:685–732, 2011     

渣罐耳轴的液氮冷装工艺

在装配大过盈量零件时,热装工艺有时无法完成,需采用液氮冷装工艺才能较好的完成设计要求。文章对渣罐耳轴的具体装配过程进行了详细的介绍,并用一些具体的数据、图像进行了工艺分析。     

固态Cu-9wt%P合金在液态铝中溶解过程的研究

本文以固态Cu-9wt%P合金为研究对象,研究了973 K时固态Cu-9wt%P在铝液内的溶解过程。通过静态溶解和水淬实验得到了保留溶解过程信息的凝固组织。采用ZEISS Axio Vert.A1光学金相显微镜、扫描电子显微镜(Scaning electron microscope, SEM)对凝固组织进行了分析。研究发现固态Cu-9wt%P合金在铝液内溶解时,随着溶解时间的延长,固液界面上Cu-9wt%P合金一侧易形成单相Cu₃P,固液界面前沿富集有颗粒和层状的AlP。总结了固态Cu-9wt%P合金在铝熔体的溶解过程,揭示了溶解速度慢的根本原因。。     

基于MSP430的液氮余量监测系统设计

为了满足对液氮余量监测的需求,提出了一种基于MSP430单片机的液氮余量监测系统设计方案,并完成系统的软硬件设计.该系统具备设置当前液氮余量为0％、设置当前液氮余量为100％、显示液氮余量(0％-100％)、液氮余量为0％或100％及电源电压不足时自动报警的功能.实际应用表明,该系统能够实时、准确地监测液氮余量,具有操作简便、测试准确的特点,达到了设计要求.     

Moving ion fronts in mixed ionic‐electronic conducting polymer films

The aim of this paper is to analyze moving front dynamics of ions and holes in a planar, mixed ionic‐electronic conducting polymer film. As cations invade the film, holes evacuate; thus, an ionic current is converted to an electronic signal. Recent experiments show that the location of the advancing ion front increases as the square‐root of time, a scaling typically associated with diffusive transport, which is surprising given the large driving voltages utilized. Ionic and electronic transport is modeled via the drift‐diffusion equations. A similarity transformation reduces the governing partial differential equations to ordinary differential equations that are solved numerically. The similarity transformation elucidates the origin of the square‐root‐of‐time front scaling. The similarity solution is then compared to the numerical solution of the full drift‐diffusion equations, finding excellent agreement. When compared with experimental data, our model captures the front location; however, qualitative differences between the ion profiles are observed. © 2015 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 61: 1447–1454, 2015