超声波酸水解法提取豆渣中异黄酮条件优化

目的:对水酶法提取大豆油后的副产物进行研究,提取其生理活性物质大豆异黄酮。方法:采用超声方法和酸水解方法相结合对水酶法提取大豆油副产物进行异黄酮提取,在此基础上进行响应面优化,确定最佳提取工艺。结果:分析了影响异黄酮提取的各种因素,并予以优化。优化后工艺条件为:料液比为1:12.54,乙醇浓度为70.28%,盐酸浓度为2.6mol/L,水解提取时间为30min,提取温度为30℃。结论:超声波和酸水解的方法适用于水酶法提取油后豆渣中大豆异黄酮的提取,在加入酸水解后大豆异黄酮总提取量较单纯70%乙醇提取法提高42.55%。      

大豆异黄酮糖苷和苷元免疫功能研究

用大豆异黄酮糖苷和大豆异黄酮苷元喂养小鼠后,其鸡红细胞作免疫原的溶血素光密度值比在相同环境下空白对照组明显增加,这表明大豆异黄酮糖苷和苷元都能有效提高小鼠体液免疫功能;同时发现小鼠对大豆异黄酮苷元吸收效果强于大豆异黄酮糖苷,说明大豆异黄酮苷元免疫功能优于大豆异黄酮糖苷。     

大豆异黄酮及其苷元的研究进展

大豆异黄酮是一种天然的雌激素,是大豆生长过程中的次级代谢产物,其主要位于大豆种子的子叶和胚轴中。其中97%左右以糖苷形式存在,其余以苷元形式存在,大豆异黄酮苷元是其发挥主要功能活性的形式。目前大豆异黄酮的常规提取方法包括有机溶剂萃取法、超声波辅助提取法、微波辅助提取法、超临界流体萃取法、亚临界水法等。研究表明,大豆异黄酮及其苷元具有一定的生理功效,包括预防心血管疾病,预防骨质疏松,抗肿瘤和神经保护等。本文在介绍大豆异黄酮及其苷元的组成、化学结构特性的基础上,详细综述了大豆异黄酮及其苷元的研究概况、提取工艺和主要功能活性,并展望了该领域今后的发展趋势和有待加强的研究方向,旨在为大豆异黄酮及其苷元产业化开发和深入研究其临床应用价值提供参考依据。     

前体和真菌诱导子对大豆悬浮培养细胞中异黄酮积累的影响

以高异黄酮含量的龙野01-491大豆为材料,以下胚轴为外植体诱导愈伤组织,建立大豆细胞悬浮培养体系;并研究了前体(L-phe和NaAc)、真菌诱导子(青霉和黑曲霉诱导子)对大豆悬浮细胞异黄酮积累的影响。结果表明,在细胞培养9 d加入100 μmol/L的L-phe,异黄酮产量达(12.52±0.51) mg/flask,是对照组的3.23倍;在0 d加入80 μmol/L NaAc,产量达(5.55±0.36) mg/flask,是对照的1.43倍;在9 d加入0.5 mL青霉诱导子,异黄酮产量达(10.20±0.17) mg/flask,是对照的2.56倍;在9 d加入0.5 mL黑曲霉诱导子,产量达(7.25±0.30) mg/flask,是对照的1.82倍。在大豆细胞悬浮培养过程中,通过添加前体(L-phe和NaAc)和真菌诱导子(青霉和黑曲霉诱导子)可以促进大豆异黄酮的积累。     

冠突散囊菌发酵对葛根的活性物质和抗氧化活性的影响

研究冠突散囊菌（Eurotium cristatum）发酵对葛根（Pueraria lobata）部分活性物质和抗氧化活性的影响,对发酵前后葛根的主要化学成分进行了分析比对,并简单研究了抗氧化活性的变化情况。以葛根为培养基质进行双向固体发酵,采用紫外分光光度法测定葛根发酵前后总黄酮含量变化;高效液相色谱法（HPLC）图谱叠加比对分析发酵前后葛根活性成分的变化,并对葛根的主要成分葛根素、大豆苷和大豆苷元3种异黄酮成分含量进行测定;DPPH法进行体外抗氧化活性测定。结果表明,发酵前后的样品总黄酮平均含量分别为5.08 mg/g和5.29 mg/g,表明发酵后葛根总黄酮含量有所提高;经HPLC检测计算,葛根中3种异黄酮成分葛根素、大豆苷元的含量分别是发酵前的1.6、4.9,而大豆苷的含量则降低了近1/2;而发酵前后葛根对DPPH自由基清除率的IC₅₀值分别为（2.2177±0.0484）和（0.8359±0.0047） mg/mL,差异显著,说明葛根经发酵后得到的发酵产物具有更强的体外抗氧化活性。结果表明,经冠突散囊菌发酵后葛根的主要化学成分变化显著,其体外抗氧化活性也得到极大改善。     

Cereal bars functionalised with tempeh: nutritional composition,isoflavone content and consumer acceptance

The aim of this study was to produce cereal bars (CB) added with tempeh flour (TF) and evaluate the nutritional composition, fatty acids profile, isoflavone content and sensory acceptance. Tempeh was produced from organic soya beans cotyledons fermented by Rhizophus oligosporus followed by freeze-drying and milling in order to obtain the TF. The addition of 10%, 15% and 20% TF to CB resulted in both protein and lipid content increase and a higher polyunsaturated/saturated fatty acids ratio. The content of isoflavone aglycones, the forms considered to have higher biological activity, was higher in TF than in soya bean, which was also reflected in the CB chemical composition. An acceptance test showed that CB added with TF (up to 15%) were sensory accepted. Overall results suggest that the addition of TF as an ingredient in cereal bars allows improving the chemical and functional characteristics of this type of ready-to-eat foods.     

Effects of soybean isoflavone on metabolism of rat osteoblasts and cytokines in vitro

The effects and mechanisms of soybean isoflavone on osteoblast (OB) proliferation in vitro were investigated. Fifty female Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups with 10 rats in each group. Rat OBs were separated and cultured. The first generation of OBs cultured for 48 hr at various concentrations of isoflavone were set as the experimental groups, the OBs exposed to estradiol (E₂) culture were considered as positive control group. The biological characterization of OBs was investigated by phase contrast microscopy and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) histochemistry. The concentrations of interleukin (IL-1), osteoprotegerin (OPG), transforming growth factor (TGF), granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in isoflavone culture solutions were determined. Proliferation rate of OBs was increased in experimental group comparing that in the blank group. ALP activity in experimental group was higher than that in blank group. No significant differences of ALP activity were observed between E₂ culture group and isoflavone group at concentrations of 10⁻⁵ and 10⁻⁷ mM (P > 0.05). Furthermore, in the experimental groups at low isoflavone concentrations, the concentrations of OPG, TGF, and VEGF were increased and positively correlated with OB proliferation. However, the concentrations of IL-1, GM-CSF were decreased at higher concentration of isoflavone and were negatively correlated with OB proliferation. Soybean isoflavone could promote the growth and proliferation of rat OB, it might act as the stimulator of OPG, TGF, and VEGF pathway, and the inhibitor of IL-1, GM-CSF pathway as well.     

黑龙江省栽培大豆品种(系)异黄酮含量测定与主要性状相关性分析及灰色关联度分析

应用相关性和灰色关联度方法分析了黑龙江省54份栽培大豆品种的异黄酮含量与主要性状的关系。经方法学验证建立的大豆异黄酮高效液相色谱法准确、可靠;初步明确了黑龙江省栽培大豆品种异黄酮及其主要成分含量的特点,大豆苷、黄豆黄苷、染料木苷及总异黄酮含量的平均值分别为:1.231,0.268,1.397,2.895μg/mg;筛选得到异黄酮总量超过4.000μg/mg的大豆品种5份。本研究可为大豆的选育种及异黄酮含量的评价提供依据。